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Functional derivative approach to Raman response in nonequilibrium many-body systems described by dynamical mean-field theory

O. P. Matveev1,2, A. M. Shvaika2, and J. K. Freericks1

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Phys. Rev. B 113, 195148 – Published 26 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/n17w-5qhk

Abstract

We employ functional derivatives to calculate spectroscopy in nonequilibrium many-body systems. This allows for all vertex correction effects to be properly incorporated. We focus on electronic Raman scattering. As a concrete example, we present numerical results for the nonresonant contribution to the time-resolved electronic Raman scattering cross section in the A1g symmetry channel solved with dynamical mean-field theory. To do this, we add a small field to the Hamiltonian and take the functional derivative of the “Raman current” operator with respect to this field, which results in an exact expression for the greater Green's function that determines the Raman scattering cross section. This approach avoids the need to set up and solve Bethe-Salpeter equations, which are notoriously difficult to work with in nonequilibrium. We also work out formal expressions for the optical conductivity in the Appendix.

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Phys. Rev. B 113, 195148– Published 26 May, 2026
  • Received 28 July 2025
  • Revised 27 March 2026
  • Accepted 30 April 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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