Detection of two-dimensional symmetry protected topological order with partial symmetries
Phys. Rev. B 112, 035119 – Published 8 July, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/mfwg-svcp
Abstract
A method of using partial symmetries to distinguish two-dimensional symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases of on-site, unitary symmetries is proposed. This novel order parameter takes a wave function, such as a ground state of a lattice model, and detects its SPT invariants as expectation values of finitely supported operators, without the need for flux insertion. The construction exploits the rotational symmetry of the lattice to extract on-site SPT invariants, building upon prior work on probing crystalline SPT phases with partial rotations. The method is demonstrated by computing the order parameter analytically on group cohomology models and numerically on a family of states interpolating between the CZX state and a trivial state. Its robustness is suggested by interpreting partial symmetries as generating the topological partition functions of lens spaces.
