- Open Access
Spin-photon entanglement dynamics under cavity-delayed feedback
Phys. Rev. B 113, 115310 – Published 23 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/f4vf-nc9t
Abstract
We analytically study the interaction between a single confined spin with a four-level configuration in an optical cavity and a single photon. The spin's ground and excited manifolds are each split into two levels coupled by circularly polarized optical transitions. Starting from the spin in an excited state, we analyze the spontaneous emission of the photon, which leaves the spin and photon entangled, and then follow the subsequent time evolution of the system under delayed feedback. We examine how photon reabsorption depends on energy splittings in both the ground and excited spin states, and how the feedback delay influences the degree of spin-photon entanglement. Finally, we identify the conditions that maximize this entanglement after photon reabsorption and re-emission.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
Supplemental Material
References (33)
- A. K. Ekert, Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991).
- H.-J. Briegel, W. Dür, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Quantum repeaters: The role of imperfect local operations in quantum communication, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5932 (1998).
- P. Kok, W. J. Munro, K. Nemoto, T. C. Ralph, J. P. Dowling, and G. J. Milburn, Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 135 (2007).
- A. Imamoglu, D. D. Awschalom, G. Burkard, D. P. DiVincenzo, D. Loss, M. Sherwin, and A. Small, Quantum information processing using quantum dot spins and cavity QED, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4204 (1999).
- I. Schwartz, D. Cogan, E. R. Schmidgall, Y. Don, L. Gantz, O. Kenneth, N. H. Lindner, and D. Gershoni, Deterministic generation of a cluster state of entangled photons, Science 354, 434 (2016).
- D. Istrati, Y. Pilnyak, J. C. Loredo, C. Antón, N. Somaschi, P. Hilaire, H. Ollivier, M. Esmann, L. Cohen, L. Vidro, C. Millet, A. Lemaître, I. Sagnes, A. Harouri, L. Lanco, P. Senellart, and H. S. Eisenberg, Sequential generation of linear cluster states from a single photon emitter, Nat. Commun. 11, 5501 (2020).
- D. Cogan, Z.-E. Su, O. Kenneth, and D. Gershoni, Deterministic generation of indistinguishable photons in a cluster state, Nat. Photonics 17, 324 (2023).
- N. Coste, D. Fioretto, N. Belabas, S. Wein, P. Hilaire, R. Frantzeskakis, M. Gundin, B. Goes, N. Somaschi, M. Morassi, et al., High-rate entanglement between a semiconductor spin and indistinguishable photons, Nat. Photonics 17, 582 (2023).
- Z.-E. Su, B. Taitler, I. Schwartz, D. Cogan, I. Nassar, O. Kenneth, N. H. Lindner, and D. Gershoni, Continuous and deterministic all-photonic cluster state of indistinguishable photons, Rep. Prog. Phys. 87, 077601 (2024).
- A. Reiserer and G. Rempe, Cavity-based quantum networks with single atoms and optical photons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87, 1379 (2015).
- P. Thomas, L. Ruscio, O. Morin, and G. Rempe, Efficient generation of entangled multiphoton graph states from a single atom, Nature (London) 608, 677 (2022).
- R. Raussendorf and H. J. Briegel, A one-way quantum computer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188 (2001).
- M. Zwerger, W. Dür, and H. J. Briegel, Measurement-based quantum repeaters, Phys. Rev. A 85, 062326 (2012).
- K. Azuma, K. Tamaki, and H.-K. Lo, All-photonic quantum repeaters, Nat. Commun. 6, 6787 (2015).
- D. Buterakos, E. Barnes, and S. E. Economou, Deterministic generation of all-photonic quantum repeaters from solid-state emitters, Phys. Rev. X 7, 041023 (2017).
- H. Pichler, S. Choi, P. Zoller, and M. D. Lukin, Universal photonic quantum computation via time-delayed feedback, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 114, 11362 (2017).
- Y. Shi and E. Waks, Deterministic generation of multidimensional photonic cluster states using time-delay feedback, Phys. Rev. A 104, 013703 (2021).
- G. Alber, Photon wave packets and spontaneous decay in a cavity, Phys. Rev. A 46, R5338 (1992).
- U. Dorner and P. Zoller, Laser-driven atoms in half-cavities, Phys. Rev. A 66, 023816 (2002).
- N. H. Lindner and T. Rudolph, Proposal for pulsed on-demand sources of photonic cluster state strings, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 113602 (2009).
- D. Cogan, O. Kenneth, N. H. Lindner, G. Peniakov, C. Hopfmann, D. Dalacu, P. J. Poole, P. Hawrylak, and D. Gershoni, Depolarization of electronic spin qubits confined in semiconductor quantum dots, Phys. Rev. X 8, 041050 (2018).
- X.-P. Feng and K. Ujihara, Quantum theory of spontaneous emission in a one-dimensional optical cavity with two-side output coupling, Phys. Rev. A 41, 2668 (1990).
- M. O. Scully and M. S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, 1997).
- M. Stobińska, G. Alber, and G. Leuchs, Perfect excitation of a matter qubit by a single photon in free space, Europhys. Lett. 86, 14007 (2009).
- Y. Wang, J. Minář, L. Sheridan, and V. Scarani, Efficient excitation of a two-level atom by a single photon in a propagating mode, Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 83, 063842 (2011).
- See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/f4vf-nc9t for a systematic comparison of how all four combinations of ground- and excited-manifold splittings influence the system dynamics.
- M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Cambridge University Press, 2010).
- R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, and K. Horodecki, Quantum entanglement, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009).
- V. Bacot, M. Labousse, A. Eddi, M. Fink, and E. Fort, Time reversal and holography with spacetime transformations, Nat. Phys. 12, 972 (2016).
- T. R. Jones, A. V. Kildishev, M. Segev, and D. Peroulis, Time-reflection of microwaves by a fast optically-controlled time-boundary, Nat. Commun. 15, 6786 (2024).
- H. Moussa, G. Xu, S. Yin, E. Galiffi, Y. Ra'di, and A. Alù, Observation of temporal reflection and broadband frequency translation at photonic time interfaces, Nat. Phys. 19, 863 (2023).
- E. Peinke, T. Sattler, G. M. Torelly, P. L. Souza, S. Perret, J. Bleuse, J. Claudon, W. L. Vos, and J. M. Gérard, Tailoring the properties of quantum dot-micropillars by ultrafast optical injection of free charge carriers, Light Sci. Appl. 10, 215 (2021).
- M. L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2006).