Discriminating superconducting fluctuations from the pseudogap in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>Bi</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>Sr</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>Ca</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mi>Cu</mi><mi>n</mi></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>n</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>δ</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>n</mi></math> = 2, 3): A magnetotransport study

Shunpei Yamaguchi; Nae Sasaki; Shintaro Adachi; Keiichi Harada; Yuki Teramoto; Shintaro Matsuda; Tomohiro Usui; Takenori Fujii; Takashi Noji; Itsuhiro Kakeya; Haruka Taniguchi; Michiaki Matsukawa; Atsushi Miyake; Hajime Ishikawa; Koichi Kindo; Takao Watanabe

doi:10.1103/d532-8q2d

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Discriminating superconducting fluctuations from the pseudogap in ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {Ca}_{n - 1} {Cu}_{n} O_{2 n + 4 + δ}$ ( $n$ = 2, 3): A magnetotransport study

Shunpei Yamaguchi¹, Nae Sasaki¹, Shintaro Adachi ^1,2, Keiichi Harada¹, Yuki Teramoto¹, Shintaro Matsuda¹, Tomohiro Usui¹, Takenori Fujii ³, Takashi Noji⁴ et al.

Itsuhiro Kakeya ⁵, Haruka Taniguchi ^6,7, Michiaki Matsukawa ⁶, Atsushi Miyake ^8,9, Hajime Ishikawa ⁸, Koichi Kindo⁸, and Takao Watanabe ^1,10,11,*

¹Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
²Faculty of Engineering/Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University of Advanced Science (KUAS), Kyoto 615-8577, Japan
³Cryogenic Research Center, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
⁴Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
⁵Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
⁶Graduate School of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
⁷Department of Applied Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
⁸Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
⁹Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki 311-1313, Japan
¹⁰Department of Physics, College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan
¹¹Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan

^*Contact author: watanabe.takao@nihon-u.ac.jp; tnmwata313@gmail.com

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Phys. Rev. B 114, L200501 – Published 14 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/d532-8q2d

Abstract

Understanding the normal state is essential for uncovering the mechanism of high- $T_{c}$ superconductivity. We investigate magnetotransport in ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {CaCu}_{2} O_{8 + δ}$ and ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {Ca}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{10 + δ}$ single crystals over a wide doping range. While the in-plane resistivity and Hall coefficient show strong pseudogap-induced temperature dependence, the $T^{2}$ Hall-angle behavior and the modified Kohler's rule remain robust across all dopings. The onset temperatures of the pseudogap are clearly distinct from superconducting fluctuations, although they scale with the pseudogap magnitudes with a factor consistent with a $d$ -wave superconductor. These results demonstrate that the pseudogap does not arise from superconducting fluctuations and instead suggest that it may originate from preformed Cooper pairing in the BCS-BEC crossover regime.

Physical Review B

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Discriminating superconducting fluctuations from the pseudogap in ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {Ca}_{n - 1} {Cu}_{n} O_{2 n + 4 + δ}$ ( $n$ = 2, 3): A magnetotransport study

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Discriminating superconducting fluctuations from the pseudogap in Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO2n+4+δ (n = 2, 3): A magnetotransport study

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Discriminating superconducting fluctuations from the pseudogap in ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2} {Ca}_{n - 1} {Cu}_{n} O_{2 n + 4 + δ}$ ( $n$ = 2, 3): A magnetotransport study