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Local classical correlations between physical electrons in Hubbard systems

Gabriele Bellomia1,*, Adriano Amaricci2, and Massimo Capone1,2

  • *Contact author: gabriele.bellomia@sissa.it
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Phys. Rev. B 113, 155158 – Published 28 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cqfh-mbwk

Abstract

We demonstrate that the local nonfreeness, an unbiased measure of correlation between electrons at a single lattice site, can be computed as the mutual information between local natural spin orbitals. This leads us to prove a general result: local electron correlations in Hubbard-type models that conserve the orbital- and spin-resolved electron number are fully classical since the local reduced density matrix is separable in the natural basis and no quantum correlations beyond entanglement are present. Finally, we compare different theoretical descriptions of magnetic and nonmagnetic states, showing that local classical correlations are drastically influenced by nonlocal processes. These results confirm the relation between local classical correlations within an open system and nonlocal entanglement and they provide a clear path for the study of the relationship between traditional quantum resources and the nonfreeness in terms of experimentally accessible quantities.

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Phys. Rev. B 113, 155158– Published 28 April, 2026
  • Received 15 July 2025
  • Revised 16 March 2026
  • Accepted 31 March 2026
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