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    Z2 gauging and self-dualities of the XX model and its cousins

    Lei Su

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 035105 – Published 1 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c16r-fdfb

    Abstract

    In this work, we investigate the one-dimensional XX lattice model and its cousins through the lens of momentum and winding U(1) symmetries. We distinguish two closely related Z2 symmetries based on their relation to the U(1) symmetries, and establish a web of Z2-gauging relations among these models, rooted in two fundamental seeds: the XY±YX models. These two seeds, each self-dual under gauging of the respective Z2 symmetries, possess manifestly symmetric conserved charges, making transparent the connection between the noninvertible symmetries and the Kramers-Wannier duality. By leveraging the self-dualities of these two seed models, we derive the self-dualities of their cousins, including the XX model and the Levin-Gu model, through appropriate gauging procedures. Moreover, under these gauging schemes, the lattice T-duality matrices take the form of the identity matrix. These lattice models flow to the c=1 compact boson conformal field theory, with a twist that depends on the lattice size modulo four. Finally, we unify the mapping structures of local conserved charges across these models, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding their symmetries and dualities.

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