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  • Letter

Switchable skyrmion–antiskyrmion tubes in rhombohedral BaTiO3 and related materials

Fernando Gómez-Ortiz*,†, Louis Bastogne*, Sriram Anand, Miao Yu, Xu He, and Philippe Ghosez‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: fgomez@uliege.be
  • ‡Contact author: philippe.ghosez@uliege.be

Phys. Rev. B 111, L180104 – Published 27 May, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L180104

Abstract

Skyrmions are stable topological textures that have garnered substantial attention within the ferroelectric community for their exotic functional properties. While previous studies have questioned the feasibility of [001]pc skyrmion tubes in rhombohedral BaTiO3 due to the high-energy cost of 180∘domain walls, we demonstrate here their stabilization with topological charges of Q=±1 from density functional theory and second-principles calculations. By enabling extensive vortex and antivortex polarization configurations, the expected prohibitive energetic barriers are overcome while preserving the topological nature of the structures. Notably, we extend these findings to demonstrate the appearance of skyrmion and antiskyrmion tubes in other related materials, highlighting their broader relevance. Furthermore, our computational experiments indicate that these structures can be directly stabilized and reversibly switched by applied electric fields, establishing a straightforward route for their practical realization and functional control in nanoelectronic devices.

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