- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review B

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Evidence for reduced periodic lattice distortion within the Sb-terminated surface layer of the kagome metal CsV3Sb5

Felix Kurtz1,2, Gevin von Witte1,3,4, Lukas Jehn1,2, Alp Akbiyik1,2, Igor Vinograd1,2, Matthieu Le Tacon5, Amir A. Haghighirad5, Dong Chen6, Chandra Shekhar6 et al.

Claudia Felser6 and Claus Ropers1,2,*

  • *Contact author: claus.ropers@mpinat.mpg.de
PDF

Phys. Rev. B 111, L140101 – Published 9 April, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L140101

Abstract

The discovery of the kagome metal CsV3Sb5 sparked broad interest, due to the coexistence of a charge density wave (CDW) phase and possible unconventional superconductivity in the material. In this Letter, we use low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) with a µm-sized electron beam to explore the periodic lattice distortion at the antimony-terminated surface in the CDW phase. We recorded high-quality backscattering diffraction patterns in ultrahigh vacuum from multiple cleaved samples. Unexpectedly, we did not find superstructure reflexes at intensity levels predicted from dynamical LEED calculations for the reported 2×2×2 bulk structure. Our results suggest that in CsV3Sb5 the periodic lattice distortion accompanying the CDW is less pronounced at Sb-terminated surfaces than in the bulk.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (55)

  1. B. R. Ortiz, L. C. Gomes, J. R. Morey, M. Winiarski, M. Bordelon, J. S. Mangum, I. W. H. Oswald, J. A. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. R. Neilson, S. D. Wilson, E. Ertekin, T. M. McQueen, and E. S. Toberer, New kagome prototype materials: Discovery of KV3Sb5, RbV3Sb5, and CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Mater. 3, 094407 (2019).
  2. S. D. Wilson and B. R. Ortiz, AV3Sb5 kagome superconductors, Nat. Rev. Mater. 9, 420 (2024).
  3. Q. Yin, Z. Tu, C. Gong, Y. Fu, S. Yan, and H. Lei, Superconductivity and normal-state properties of kagome metal RbV3Sb5 single crystals, Chin. Phys. Lett. 38, 037403 (2021).
  4. B. R. Ortiz, P. M. Sarte, E. M. Kenney, M. J. Graf, S. M. L. Teicher, R. Seshadri, and S. D. Wilson, Superconductivity in the Z2 kagome metal KV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Mater. 5, 034801 (2021).
  5. B. R. Ortiz, S. M. L. Teicher, Y. Hu, J. L. Zuo, P. M. Sarte, E. C. Schueller, A. M. M. Abeykoon, M. J. Krogstad, S. Rosenkranz, R. Osborn, R. Seshadri, L. Balents, J. He, and S. D. Wilson, CsV3Sb5: A Z2 topological kagome metal with a superconducting ground state, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 247002 (2020).
  6. M. H. Christensen, T. Birol, B. M. Andersen, and R. M. Fernandes, Theory of the charge density wave in AV3Sb5 kagome metals, Phys. Rev. B 104, 214513 (2021).
  7. H. Li, T. T. Zhang, T. Yilmaz, Y. Y. Pai, C. E. Marvinney, A. Said, Q. W. Yin, C. S. Gong, Z. J. Tu, E. Vescovo, C. S. Nelson, R. G. Moore, S. Murakami, H. C. Lei, H. N. Lee, B. J. Lawrie, and H. Miao, Observation of unconventional charge density wave without acoustic phonon anomaly in kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = Rb, Cs), Phys. Rev. X 11, 031050 (2021).
  8. H. Li, G. Fabbris, A. H. Said, J. P. Sun, Y.-X. Jiang, J.-X. Yin, Y.-Y. Pai, S. Yoon, A. R. Lupini, C. S. Nelson, Q. W. Yin, C. S. Gong, Z. J. Tu, H. C. Lei, J.-G. Cheng, M. Z. Hasan, Z. Wang, B. Yan, R. Thomale, H. N. Lee et al., Discovery of conjoined charge density waves in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Nat. Commun. 13, 6348 (2022).
  9. F. Kaboudvand, S. M. L. Teicher, S. D. Wilson, R. Seshadri, and M. D. Johannes, Fermi surface nesting and the Lindhard response function in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Appl. Phys. Lett. 120, 111901 (2022).
  10. B. R. Ortiz, S. M. L. Teicher, L. Kautzsch, P. M. Sarte, N. Ratcliff, J. Harter, J. P. C. Ruff, R. Seshadri, and S. D. Wilson, Fermi surface mapping and the nature of charge-density-wave order in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. X 11, 041030 (2021).
  11. Q. Stahl, D. Chen, T. Ritschel, C. Shekhar, E. Sadrollahi, M. C. Rahn, O. Ivashko, M. v. Zimmermann, C. Felser, and J. Geck, Temperature-driven reorganization of electronic order in CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 105, 195136 (2022).
  12. L. Kautzsch, B. R. Ortiz, K. Mallayya, J. Plumb, G. Pokharel, J. P. C. Ruff, Z. Islam, E.-A. Kim, R. Seshadri, and S. D. Wilson, Structural evolution of the kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A=K, Rb, and Cs) through charge density wave order, Phys. Rev. Mater. 7, 024806 (2023).
  13. J. Frassineti, P. Bonfà, G. Allodi, E. Garcia, R. Cong, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, R. De Renzi, V. F. Mitrović, and S. Sanna, Microscopic nature of the charge-density wave in the kagome superconductor RbV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, L012017 (2023).
  14. Y. Wang, T. Wu, Z. Li, K. Jiang, and J. Hu, Structure of the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 in the charge density wave state, Phys. Rev. B 107, 184106 (2023).
  15. Q. Xiao, Y. Lin, Q. Li, X. Zheng, S. Francoual, C. Plueckthun, W. Xia, Q. Qiu, S. Zhang, Y. Guo, J. Feng, and Y. Peng, Coexistence of multiple stacking charge density waves in kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Res. 5, L012032 (2023).
  16. J. Plumb, A. C. Salinas, K. Mallayya, E. Kisiel, F. B. Carneiro, R. Gomez, G. Pokharel, E.-A. Kim, S. Sarker, Z. Islam, S. Daly, and S. D. Wilson, Phase-separated charge order and twinning across length scales in CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Mater. 8, 093601 (2024).
  17. C. Mielke, D. Das, J.-X. Yin, H. Liu, R. Gupta, Y.-X. Jiang, M. Medarde, X. Wu, H. C. Lei, J. Chang, P. Dai, Q. Si, H. Miao, R. Thomale, T. Neupert, Y. Shi, R. Khasanov, M. Z. Hasan, H. Luetkens, and Z. Guguchia, Time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order in a kagome superconductor, Nature (London) 602, 245 (2022).
  18. M. H. Christensen, T. Birol, B. M. Andersen, and R. M. Fernandes, Loop currents in AV3Sb5 kagome metals: Multipolar and toroidal magnetic orders, Phys. Rev. B 106, 144504 (2022).
  19. Y.-X. Jiang, J.-X. Yin, M. M. Denner, N. Shumiya, B. R. Ortiz, G. Xu, Z. Guguchia, J. He, M. S. Hossain, X. Liu, J. Ruff, L. Kautzsch, S. S. Zhang, G. Chang, I. Belopolski, Q. Zhang, T. A. Cochran, D. Multer, M. Litskevich, Z.-J. Cheng et al., Unconventional chiral charge order in kagome superconductor KV3Sb5, Nat. Mater. 20, 1353 (2021).
  20. N. Shumiya, M. S. Hossain, J.-X. Yin, Y.-X. Jiang, B. R. Ortiz, H. Liu, Y. Shi, Q. Yin, H. Lei, S. S. Zhang, G. Chang, Q. Zhang, T. A. Cochran, D. Multer, M. Litskevich, Z.-J. Cheng, X. P. Yang, Z. Guguchia, S. D. Wilson, and M. Z. Hasan, Intrinsic nature of chiral charge order in the kagome superconductor RbV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, 035131 (2021).
  21. Y. Xiang, Q. Li, Y. Li, W. Xie, H. Yang, Z. Wang, Y. Yao, and H.-H. Wen, Twofold symmetry of c-axis resistivity in topological kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 with in-plane rotating magnetic field, Nat. Commun. 12, 6727 (2021).
  22. M. L. Kiesel, C. Platt, and R. Thomale, Unconventional Fermi surface instabilities in the kagome Hubbard model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 126405 (2013).
  23. D. R. Saykin, C. Farhang, E. D. Kountz, D. Chen, B. R. Ortiz, C. Shekhar, C. Felser, S. D. Wilson, R. Thomale, J. Xia, and A. Kapitulnik, High resolution polar Kerr effect studies of CsV3Sb5: Tests for time-reversal symmetry breaking below the charge-order transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 016901 (2023).
  24. W. Liège, Y. Xie, D. Bounoua, Y. Sidis, F. Bourdarot, Y. Li, Z. Wang, J.-X. Yin, P. Dai, and P. Bourges, Search for orbital magnetism in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 using neutron diffraction, Phys. Rev. B 110, 195109 (2024).
  25. H. Li, S. Wan, H. Li, Q. Li, Q. Gu, H. Yang, Y. Li, Z. Wang, Y. Yao, and H.-H. Wen, No observation of chiral flux current in the topological kagome metal CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 105, 045102 (2022).
  26. H. J. Elmers, O. Tkach, Y. Lytvynenko, P. Yogi, M. Schmitt, D. Biswas, J. Liu, S. V. Chernov, Q. Nguyen, M. Hoesch, D. Kutnyakhov, N. Wind, L. Wenthaus, M. Scholz, K. Rossnagel, A. Gloskovskii, C. Schlueter, A. Winkelmann, A.-A. Haghighirad, T.-L. Lee et al., Chirality in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 096401 (2025).
  27. M. Frachet, L. Wang, W. Xia, Y. Guo, M. He, N. Maraytta, R. Heid, A.-A. Haghighirad, M. Merz, C. Meingast, and F. Hardy, Colossal c-axis response and lack of rotational symmetry breaking within the kagome planes of the CsV3Sb5 superconductor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 186001 (2024).
  28. E. Uykur, B. R. Ortiz, O. Iakutkina, M. Wenzel, S. D. Wilson, M. Dressel, and A. A. Tsirlin, Low-energy optical properties of the nonmagnetic kagome metal CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, 045130 (2021).
  29. X. Zhou, Y. Li, X. Fan, J. Hao, Y. Dai, Z. Wang, Y. Yao, and H.-H. Wen, Origin of charge density wave in the kagome metal CsV3Sb5 as revealed by optical spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B 104, L041101 (2021).
  30. G. He, L. Peis, E. F. Cuddy, Z. Zhao, D. Li, Y. Zhang, R. Stumberger, B. Moritz, H. Yang, H. Gao, T. P. Devereaux, and R. Hackl, Anharmonic strong-coupling effects at the origin of the charge density wave in CsV3Sb5, Nat. Commun. 15, 1895 (2024).
  31. M. Kang, S. Fang, J.-K. Kim, B. R. Ortiz, S. H. Ryu, J. Kim, J. Yoo, G. Sangiovanni, D. D. Sante, B.-G. Park, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, E. Kaxiras, S. D. Wilson, J.-H. Park, and R. Comin, Twofold van Hove singularity and origin of charge order in topological kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Nat. Phys. 18, 301 (2022).
  32. Z. Liang, X. Hou, F. Zhang, W. Ma, P. Wu, Z. Zhang, F. Yu, J.-J. Ying, K. Jiang, L. Shan, Z. Wang, and X.-H. Chen, Three-dimensional charge density wave and surface-dependent vortex-core states in a kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. X 11, 031026 (2021).
  33. K. Nakayama, Y. Li, T. Kato, M. Liu, Z. Wang, T. Takahashi, Y. Yao, and T. Sato, Multiple energy scales and anisotropic energy gap in the charge-density-wave phase of the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, L161112 (2021).
  34. H. Chen, H. Yang, B. Hu, Z. Zhao, J. Yuan, Y. Xing, G. Qian, Z. Huang, G. Li, Y. Ye, S. Ma, S. Ni, H. Zhang, Q. Yin, C. Gong, Z. Tu, H. Lei, H. Tan, S. Zhou, C. Shen et al., Roton pair density wave in a strong-coupling kagome superconductor, Nature (London) 599, 222 (2021).
  35. H. Zhao, H. Li, B. R. Ortiz, S. M. L. Teicher, T. Park, M. Ye, Z. Wang, L. Balents, S. D. Wilson, and I. Zeljkovic, Cascade of correlated electron states in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Nature (London) 599, 216 (2021).
  36. Z. Wang, Y.-X. Jiang, J.-X. Yin, Y. Li, G.-Y. Wang, H.-L. Huang, S. Shao, J. Liu, P. Zhu, N. Shumiya, M. S. Hossain, H. Liu, Y. Shi, J. Duan, X. Li, G. Chang, P. Dai, Z. Ye, G. Xu, Y. Wang et al., Electronic nature of chiral charge order in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, 075148 (2021).
  37. S. Vogelgesang, G. Storeck, J. G. Horstmann, T. Diekmann, M. Sivis, S. Schramm, K. Rossnagel, S. Schäfer, and C. Ropers, Phase ordering of charge density waves traced by ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction, Nat. Phys. 14, 184 (2018).
  38. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L140101 for further information on crystal growth, the LEED setup and image analysis used, and additional experimental measurements and dynamical LEED calculations.
  39. J. Yu, Z. Xu, K. Xiao, Y. Yuan, Q. Yin, Z. Hu, C. Gong, Y. Guo, Z. Tu, P. Tang, H. Lei, Q.-K. Xue, and W. Li, Evolution of electronic structure in pristine and Rb-reconstructed surfaces of kagome metal RbV3Sb5, Nano Lett. 22, 918 (2022).
  40. V. Blum and K. Heinz, Fast LEED intensity calculations for surface crystallography using Tensor LEED, Comput. Phys. Commun. 134, 392 (2001).
  41. H. Miao, H. X. Li, W. R. Meier, A. Huon, H. N. Lee, A. Said, H. C. Lei, B. R. Ortiz, S. D. Wilson, J. X. Yin, M. Z. Hasan, Z. Wang, H. Tan, and B. Yan, Geometry of the charge density wave in the kagome metal AV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 104, 195132 (2021).
  42. H. Tan, Y. Liu, Z. Wang, and B. Yan, Charge density waves and electronic properties of superconducting kagome metals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 046401 (2021).
  43. In principle, the detector area, where the background is evaluated, includes the region of possible superstructure peaks. However, due to the small number of pixels they would cover (less than 1% of the selected area), this does not affect the standard deviation.
  44. G. von Witte, T. Kißlinger, J. G. Horstmann, K. Rossnagel, M. A. Schneider, C. Ropers, and L. Hammer, Surface structure and stacking of the commensurate (13×13)R13.9∘ charge density wave phase of 1T−TaS2(0001), Phys. Rev. B 100, 155407 (2019).
  45. T. Kato, Y. Li, K. Nakayama, Z. Wang, S. Souma, M. Kitamura, K. Horiba, H. Kumigashira, T. Takahashi, and T. Sato, Polarity-dependent charge density wave in the kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5, Phys. Rev. B 106, L121112 (2022).
  46. T. Kato, Y. Li, M. Liu, K. Nakayama, Z. Wang, S. Souma, M. Kitamura, K. Horiba, H. Kumigashira, T. Takahashi, Y. Yao, and T. Sato, Surface-termination-dependent electronic states in kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) studied by micro-ARPES, Phys. Rev. B 107, 245143 (2023).
  47. A. N. C. Salinas, B. R. Ortiz, C. Bales, J. Frassineti, V. F. Mitrović, and S. D. Wilson, Electron-hole asymmetry in the phase diagram of carrier-tuned CsV3Sb5, Front. Electron. Mater. 3, 1257490 (2023).
  48. A. Aishwarya, J. May-Mann, A. Raghavan, L. Nie, M. Romanelli, S. Ran, S. R. Saha, J. Paglione, N. P. Butch, E. Fradkin, and V. Madhavan, Magnetic-field-sensitive charge density waves in the superconductor UTe2, Nature (London) 618, 928 (2023).
  49. F. Theuss, A. Shragai, G. Grissonnanche, L. Peralta, G. de la Fuente Simarro, I. M. Hayes, S. R. Saha, Y. S. Eo, A. Suarez, A. C. Salinas, G. Pokharel, S. D. Wilson, N. P. Butch, J. Paglione, and B. J. Ramshaw, Absence of a bulk thermodynamic phase transition to a density wave phase in UTe2, Phys. Rev. B 110, 144507 (2024).
  50. C. S. Kengle, D. Chaudhuri, X. Guo, T. A. Johnson, S. Bettler, W. Simeth, M. J. Krogstad, Z. Islam, S. Ran, S. R. Saha, J. Paglione, N. P. Butch, E. Fradkin, V. Madhavan, and P. Abbamonte, Absence of a bulk signature of a charge density wave in hard x-ray measurements of UTe2, Phys. Rev. B 110, 145101 (2024).
  51. S. D. Edkins, A. Kostin, K. Fujita, A. P. Mackenzie, H. Eisaki, S. Uchida, S. Sachdev, M. J. Lawler, E.-A. Kim, J. C. S. Davis, and M. H. Hamidian, Magnetic field–induced pair density wave state in the cuprate vortex halo, Science 364, 976 (2019).
  52. I. Maggio-Aprile, T. P. Singar, C. Berthod, T. Gazdić, J. Bruér, and C. Renner, Vortex-core spectroscopy of d-wave cuprate high-temperature superconductors, Physica C: Supercond. Appl. 615, 1354386 (2023).
  53. E. H. Da Silva Neto, P. Aynajian, A. Frano, R. Comin, E. Schierle, E. Weschke, A. Gyenis, J. Wen, J. Schneeloch, Z. Xu, S. Ono, G. Gu, M. Le Tacon, and A. Yazdani, Ubiquitous interplay between charge ordering and high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates, Science 343, 393 (2014).
  54. I. Vinograd, R. Zhou, M. Hirata, T. Wu, H. Mayaffre, S. Krämer, R. Liang, W. N. Hardy, D. A. Bonn, and M.-H. Julien, Locally commensurate charge-density wave with three-unit-cell periodicity in YBa2Cu3Oy, Nat. Commun. 12, 3274 (2021).
  55. E. Blackburn, O. Ivashko, E. Campillo, M. von Zimmermann, R. Liang, D. A. Bonn, W. N. Hardy, J. Chang, E. M. Forgan, and S. M. Hayden, Searching for the signature of a pair density wave in YBa2Cu3O6.67 using high energy x-ray diffraction, arXiv:2310.18302.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. B 111, L140101– Published 9 April, 2025
  • Received 3 December 2024
  • Revised 13 February 2025
  • Accepted 12 March 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by Max Planck Society.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation