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Transverse voltage in anisotropic hydrodynamic conductors

Kaize Wang1,*, Chunyu Guo1, Philip J. W. Moll1,†, and Tobias Holder2,‡

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
  • 2School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

  • *Contact author: kaize.wang@mpsd.mpg.de
  • †Contact author: philip.moll@mpsd.mpg.de
  • ‡Contact author: tobiasholder@tauex.tau.ac.il
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Phys. Rev. B 111, L081402 – Published 6 February, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L081402

Abstract

Weak momentum dissipation in ultraclean metals gives rise to novel non-Ohmic current flow, including ballistic and hydrodynamic regimes. Recently, hydrodynamic flow has attracted intense interest because it presents a valuable window into the electronic correlations and the longest lived collective modes of quantum materials. However, diagnosing viscous flow is difficult as the macroscopic observables of ballistic and hydrodynamic transport such as the average current distribution can be deceptively similar, even if their respective microscopics deviate notably. Based on kinetic Boltzmann theory, here we propose to address this issue via the transverse channel voltage at zero magnetic field, which can efficiently detect hydrodynamic flow in a number of materials. To this end, we show that the transverse voltage is sensitive to the interplay between anisotropic fermiology and boundary scattering, resulting in a nontrivial behavior in narrow channels along crystalline low-symmetry directions. We discuss several materials where the channel-size dependent stress of the quantum fluid leads to a characteristic sign change of the transverse voltage as a new hallmark of the crossover from the ballistic to the hydrodynamic regime.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. B 111, L081402– Published 6 February, 2025
  • Received 13 August 2024
  • Revised 9 December 2024
  • Accepted 13 January 2025
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