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    Bicircular light-induced multistate geometric current

    Zhichao Guo*, Zhuocheng Lu*, Hua Wang†, and Kai Chang‡

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: daodaohw@zju.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: kchang@zju.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. B 112, 035162 – Published 23 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7ytw-vyb7

    Abstract

    We investigate the photocurrent induced by bicircular light (BCL) in materials, with a focus on its multistate geometric nature. BCL, a combination of left- and right-circularly polarized light, can generate both injection and shift currents, originating from the geometric properties of gauge-invariant shift vectors, quantum geometric tensors, and triple-phase products. Crucially, the real parts of the quantum geometric tensors and triple-phase products remain nonzero in centrosymmetric systems, facilitating photocurrent generation in contrast to the traditional shift current bulk photovoltaic effect. Using a diagrammatic approach, we systematically analyze the BCL-induced photocurrents and demonstrate the multistate geometric nature within a one-dimensional three-site Rice-Mele model. Our findings provide a quantum geometric understanding of BCL-induced photocurrents, underscoring the importance of considering multiband contributions in real materials.

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