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Theory of nonlinear electron relaxation in thin gold films and their signatures in optical observables

Jonas Grumm1,*, Malte Selig1, Holger Lange2, and Andreas Knorr1

  • *Contact author: j.grumm@tu-berlin.de
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Phys. Rev. B 112, 245402 – Published 1 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/7w9j-88zg

Abstract

Based on the momentum-resolved Boltzmann equation, we provide self-consistent numerical calculations of the dynamics of conduction electrons in thin noble metal films after linear and nonlinear optical excitations with infrared and terahertz frequencies. Focusing exclusively on electron-phonon interaction, orientational relaxation is introduced and acts as dephasing of the optical excitation on a scale of tens of fs. In the linear regime, our numerical results agree with the field-strength-independent orientational relaxation rate and correspondingly fits of experimental data to a Drude model and predict for nonlinear excitations a field-strength-dependent increase of the orientational relaxation rate. In the THz regime, where the orientational relaxation proceeds faster than the oscillation cycle of the excitation THz field, a new high-order dissipative Kerr-type nonlinearity is predicted. This nonlinearity originates from the Pauli blocking included in the electron-phonon scattering and results in a nonlinearly increasing transmission of the film, detectable in experiments.

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Femtosecond dynamics of electrons in noble metals: Orientational relaxation in momentum space and the Drude relaxation rate

Jonas Grumm and Andreas Knorr
Phys. Rev. B 112, L241402 (2025)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. B 112, 245402– Published 1 December, 2025
  • Received 29 April 2025
  • Revised 1 October 2025
  • Accepted 24 October 2025
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