Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamonds have emerged as a promising quantum sensing platform for biomedical imaging applications, yet random orientations of individual particles present significant challenges in large-scale sensor calibration. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach to simultaneously determine each particle’s crystallographic axes and the surrounding local vector magnetic field. Specifically, a minimum of four distinct bias fields is required to unambiguously extract both the orientation and the local field. We validate our method experimentally using NV centers in two scenarios: (i) in a bulk diamond with known crystal orientation as a proof of concept and (ii) on various single nanodiamonds to mimic real-world applications. Our work represents a crucial step toward unlocking the full potential of nanodiamonds for advanced applications such as in situ biomedical imaging and nanoscale sensing in complex environments.

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• Imaging & diagnostics
• Medical imaging
• Quantum sensing
• Nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond