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  • Open Access

Near-field enhancement by a metasurface at octupole plasmon resonance in periodic disk dimers

Sagar Sehrawat1,*, Klas Lindfors1,2, and Andriy Shevchenko1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
  • 2Institute for Light and Matter, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4–6, 50939 Cologne, Germany

  • *Contact author: sagar.sehrawat@aalto.fi
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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 064031 – Published 9 December, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h3t1-srh9

Abstract

Local intensity enhancement by plasmonic nanoparticles is widely used in optics and photonics; however, the effect is usually based on dipole resonances in the particles. Recently, it has been shown that quadrupole and octupole resonances can exhibit comparable or even higher near-field enhancement. In this work, we focus on the near-field enhancement by a metasurface composed of gold-disk dimers arranged in a rectangular array. We find that, owing to an octupole plasmon resonance coupled to a surface lattice resonance, exceptionally high near-field enhancement in the dimer gaps can be achieved in the visible spectral range. To gain insight into the effect, we develop an analytical model for the effective dipole and octupole polarizabilities of the particles in an array, and discover that at decreasing array periods, the dipole polarizability tends to vanish, while the octupole polarizability rapidly increases. Hence, octupole resonances can find applications in high-density arrays of plasmonic resonators. We propose a method to numerically evaluate multipole polarizabilities of a single particle, applying it to the gold dimer that we consider. The influence of the array on the effective polarizabilities is then verified by numerical calculations, and good agreement is obtained. Our results may open new avenues for investigating the properties of periodic plasmonic structures based on higher-order multipole resonances and their applications.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Applied 24, 064031– Published 9 December, 2025
  • Received 25 August 2025
  • Revised 31 October 2025
  • Accepted 18 November 2025
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