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    Non-Hermitian complex coupling for magnetic resonance imaging

    Siyong Zheng (郑思涌)1,4, Maopeng Wu (吴茂鹏)2, Zhonghai Chi (池中海)1, Zewen Chen (陈泽炆)3, Chwee Teck Lim4,5, Qian Zhao (赵乾)2,*, and Ji Zhou (周济)1,†

    • *Contact author: zhaoqian@tsinghua.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: zhouji@tsinghua.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 044039 – Published 14 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/gr3d-26j5

    Abstract

    Strong coupling in wave-based systems often causes level repulsion, leading to mode splitting and reduced response at the target frequency. This problem is pronounced in magnetic resonance imaging, where strong mutual inductance between a receive coil (RC) and a metamaterial (MM) degrades B1 performance. Here, we introduce a non-Hermitian complex-coupling decoupling strategy based on a dual-resonator model. By engineering a phase delay in the coupling pathway, an imaginary coupling component is created, driving the system from the PT-symmetric to the anti-PT-symmetric phase and enabling eigenmode degeneracy without added dissipation. Implemented through a high-permittivity ceramic layer, this mechanism restores single-mode resonance in the MM-RC system and suppresses frequency splitting. Simulations indicate that the proposed strategy substantially mitigates the severe B1 degradation in the strongly repulsive regime. The recovered B1 efficiency corresponds to an approximately 14-fold increase relative to that worst-case condition, and to an approximately 1.4-fold enhancement relative to the standalone birdcage coil. This passive, compact, and hardware-compatible approach offers a general route for coupling control in electromagnetic, acoustic, optical, and quantum systems.

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