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Generation of perfect spatiotemporal acoustic vortices

Shuai Liu1,2,*, Feng-Zhuang Liu2,*, Hao Ge1,2,†, Ming-Hui Lu1,2,3,4,‡, and Yan-Feng Chen1,4,§

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: haoge@nju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: luminghui@nju.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: yfchen@nju.edu.cn

Phys. Rev. Applied 26, 044085 – Published 28 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4q3d-fgd3

Abstract

Spatiotemporal (ST) vortices carrying transverse orbital angular momentum have attracted growing interest in both optics and acoustics. However, despite diverse generation schemes, a fundamental limitation persists: the vortex radius increases with the topological charge, leading to a size mismatch that complicates efficient multiplexing and detection. Here, we introduce the concept of perfect ST acoustic vortices to decouple the vortex size from the topological charge. Unlike conventional counterparts, these vortices maintain a nearly constant radius regardless of the topological charge. We theoretically construct this new class of vortices via the Fourier transform of an ST Bessel-Gaussian spectrum in the wave-vector-frequency domain. Experimentally, we implement the synthesis using a one-dimensional acoustic phased array. We then characterize the generated fields, confirming their size invariance and investigating their propagation and superposition properties. By enabling a nearly charge-independent vortex radius, our work overcomes a critical constraint of ST acoustic vortices, paving the way for high-capacity acoustic communications, sensing, and particle manipulation.

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