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rf-SQUID-based traveling-wave parametric amplifier with input saturation power of −84 dBm across more than one octave in bandwidth

Victor Gaydamachenko*, Christoph Kissling*, and Lukas Grünhaupt†

  • *These authors contributed equally.
  • †Contact author: lukas.gruenhaupt@ptb.de
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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 064053 – Published 24 June, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1qk4-fzkq

Abstract

Traveling-wave parametric amplifiers (TWPAs) have become an essential tool for the readout of quantum circuits and the search for dark matter. We report on the implementation of an rf-superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based Josephson TWPA with an average saturation power of −84 dBm while providing an average power gain of 20 dB from 3.5 to 8.5 GHz. This wide bandwidth is enabled by reducing the curvature of the dispersion in the signal band while suppressing detrimental mixing processes. With 2393 rf-SQUIDs, our device has a comparable number of nonlinear elements but achieves ten times higher saturation power than previously reported devices. This shows that using rf-SQUIDs results in a more favorable trade-off between device length and saturation power. Harnessing wideband characterization techniques, we determine the TWPA’s excess noise above the quantum limit to be 0.8 to 1.5 photons. In addition, we validate the signal-to-noise ratio improvement as a practical measure for tuning the TWPA to minimize the total system noise and demonstrate that its optimum does not coincide with the highest gain.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 064053– Published 24 June, 2025
  • Received 7 March 2025
  • Revised 21 May 2025
  • Accepted 22 May 2025
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