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  • Open Access

Vacuum pair production in spatially antisymmetric electric fields

Dan-Yang Xu1, Mamat Ali Bake1,*, and Orkash Amat2,†

  • *Contact author: mabake@xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: orkashamat@nju.edu.cn
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APS Open Sci. 1, 000098 – Published 18 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/kn4q-mv94

Abstract

Vacuum electron-positron pair production is investigated using the Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism in spatially inhomogeneous electric fields. The external field, given by E(x,t)ex, exhibits a strong positional dependence and a strict spatial antisymmetry—i.e., E(−x)=−E(x). Our results demonstrate that this antisymmetry fundamentally reshapes the pair-creation dynamics, yielding results that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those obtained under spatially symmetric or fully asymmetric field configurations. We further analyze multipulse field profiles with systematically varied field separations and show that the separation distance exerts a decisive influence on both the integrated pair yield and the detailed structure of the momentum spectrum. Crucially, precise control over the relative spatial positioning of the fields proves essential for engineering desired features in the pair momentum spectrum. We also find that numerical results are in excellent agreement with the analytical approximation for both small and large separation distances. These findings provide robust theoretical guidance for optimizing vacuum pair production in experimentally accessible spatiotemporal field configurations and reveal dynamical effects arising specifically from spatial field antisymmetry.

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APS Open Sci. 1, 000098– Published 18 August, 2026
Vol. 1
  • Received 23 April 2026
  • Accepted 6 August 2026
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