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Spin-mixing-induced dynamics of spinor solitons in F=1 Bose-Einstein condensates

T. Panagos1,*, A. Romero-Ros2,3, G. C. Katsimiga4, P. Schmelcher1, and P. G. Kevrekidis5,6,7

  • *Contact author: theofanis.panagos@uni-hamburg.de
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APS Open Sci. 1, 000134 – Published 15 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dnr9-14nd

Abstract

We explore soliton interactions in a homogeneous spinor F=1 Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of a magnetic field, focusing on dark-bright-dark and bright-dark-bright configurations. We investigate how these interactions depend on the phase differences among bright solitons and their influence during the dynamics. Our findings align with prior nonspinor results, i.e., repulsion among in-phase bright solitons and attraction among out-of-phase pairs in self-repulsive atomic BECs. The potential bright soliton attraction, added to the short-range repulsion of dark-dark soliton interactions, can lead to bound states. However, we find that these bound states break in the presence of spinor interactions due to the particle-exchange dynamics between the hyperfine states of the components. Additionally, we develop an effective classical model to describe the soliton dynamics, using a Lagrangian approach. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing it against numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the proposed model captures the essential features of soliton behavior in the presence of spin interactions, and provides congruent soliton trajectories and interspecies particle-exchange dynamics in most of the cases.

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APS Open Sci. 1, 000134– Published 15 September, 2026
Vol. 1
  • Received 12 June 2026
  • Accepted 3 September 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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