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Parametric Multielement Coupling Architecture for Coherent and Dissipative Control of Superconducting Qubits

G.B.P. Huber1,2,*, F.A. Roy2,3, L. Koch1,2, I. Tsitsilin1,2, J. Schirk1,2, N.J. Glaser1,2, N. Bruckmoser1,2, C. Schweizer2,4, J. Romeiro1,2 et al.

G. Krylov1,2, M. Singh1,2, F.X. Haslbeck1,2, M. Knudsen2,5, A. Marx1,2, F. Pfeiffer1,2, C. Schneider1,2, F. Wallner1,2, D. Bunch1,2, L. Richard1,2, L. Södergren1,2, K. Liegener1,2, M. Werninghaus1,2, and S. Filipp1,2,6,†

  • *Contact author: gerhard.huber@wmi.badw.de
  • †Contact author: stefan.filipp@wmi.badw.de
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PRX Quantum 6, 030313 – Published 24 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9shv-l4cx

Abstract

As systems for quantum computing keep growing in size and number of qubits, challenges in scaling the control capabilities are becoming increasingly relevant. Efficient schemes to simultaneously mediate coherent interactions between multiple quantum systems and to reduce decoherence errors can minimize the control overhead in next-generation quantum processors. Here, we present a superconducting qubit architecture based on tunable parametric interactions to perform two-qubit gates, reset, leakage recovery, and to read out the qubits. In this architecture, parametrically driven multielement couplers selectively couple qubits to resonators and neighboring qubits, according to the frequency of the drive. We consider a system with two qubits and one readout resonator interacting via a single coupling circuit and experimentally demonstrate a controlled-Z gate with a fidelity of 98.30±0.23%, a reset operation that unconditionally prepares the qubit ground state with a fidelity of 99.80±0.02% and a leakage recovery operation with a 98.5±0.3% success probability. Furthermore, we implement a parametric readout with a single-shot assignment fidelity of 88.0±0.4%. These operations are all realized using a single tunable coupler and a statically decoupled resonator, demonstrating the experimental feasibility of the proposed architecture and its potential for reducing the system complexity in scalable quantum processors.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Popular Summary

Quantum computers are not yet powerful enough to outperform classical computers on complex problems beyond simple demonstrations. To tackle computational challenges of high interest, quantum computers must grow from a few qubits to thousands. Scaling up current quantum processors, such as those based on superconducting qubits, introduces new challenges, such as limited physical space and a growing number of control lines.

Our work presents a superconducting qubit architecture designed to address these challenges using frequency-modulated coupling elements. The elements connect multiple qubits and readout components, reducing the number of required control lines without sacrificing controllability. Using a single coupling element, we successfully demonstrate two-qubit interactions, unconditional qubit reset to the ground state, leakage elimination to higher-energy states, and qubit readout. These operations are crucial for building scalable quantum computers and are selectively controlled via the drive frequency of the coupler.

This work advances the scaling of quantum computers based on superconducting qubits beyond small-scale applications.

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PRX Quantum 6, 030313– Published 24 July, 2025
  • Received 3 April 2024
  • Accepted 11 June 2025
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