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Expanding the neutral-atom gate set: Native iSWAP and exchange gates from dipolar Rydberg interactions

Pedro Ildefonso1,2,*, Andrew Byun1, Aleksei Konovalov1, Javad Kazemi3, Michael Schuler2, and Wolfgang Lechner1,2,3,4

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
  • 2Parity Quantum Computing GmbH, Rennweg 1, Top 314, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
  • 3Parity Quantum Computing Germany GmbH, Schauenburgerstraße 6, 20095 Hamburg, Germany
  • 4Parity Quantum Computing France SAS, 10 Avenue de Kleéber, 75016 Paris, France

  • *Contact author: p.ildefonso@parityqc.com
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033269 – Published 3 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/z46h-mgh4

Abstract

We present a native realization of iSWAP and parametrized exchange gates for neutral-atom quantum processing units. Our approach leverages strong dipole-dipole interactions between two different dipole-coupled Rydberg states, employing optimal control techniques to design high-fidelity, time-efficient gate pulses. To minimize experimental complexity, we utilize global driving fields acting identically on all atoms and apply pulse smoothing techniques. While detrimental van der Waals interactions pose a significant challenge, we demonstrate that for both Cs133, as a representative alkali atom, and Sr88, an alkaline-earth species, high-fidelity pulses can nevertheless be obtained over a broad range of parameters. We identify candidate protocols with reduced susceptibility to noise and analyze their performance under realistic conditions, accounting for atomic motion, Rydberg decay, and experimentally motivated laser frequency and intensity noise. Crucially, we demonstrate that in both Alkali and alkaline-earth-based systems, we can obtain fast iSWAP gates with fidelities of 99.9% under realistic experimental conditions. These results pave the way for expanding the neutral-atom gate set beyond conventional Rydberg-blockade-based entangling gates.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 033269– Published 3 September, 2026
  • Received 15 December 2025
  • Accepted 13 August 2026
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