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Semi-Dirac spin liquids and frustrated quantum magnetism on the trellis lattice

Sourin Chatterjee1, Atanu Maity1,2, Janik Potten2, Tobias Müller2, Andreas Feuerpfeil2, Ronny Thomale1,2, Karlo Penc1,3, Harald O. Jeschke1,4, Rhine Samajdar5,6,* et al.

Yasir Iqbal1,†

  • *Contact author: rhine_samajdar@princeton.edu
  • †Contact author: yiqbal@physics.iitm.ac.in
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 013191 – Published 19 February, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/xmtj-4kj9

Abstract

Geometrical frustration in quantum magnets provides a fertile setting for unconventional phases of matter, including quantum spin liquids (QSLs). The trellis lattice, with its complex site arrangements and edge-sharing triangular motifs, presents a promising platform for such physics. In this work, we undertake a comprehensive classification of all fully symmetric QSLs on the trellis lattice using the projective symmetry group approach within the Abrikosov-fermion representation. We find 7 U(1) and 25 Z2 short-ranged Ansätze and analyze the phase diagram in the mean-field parameter space, uncovering both gapped and Dirac QSLs as well as a semi-Dirac spin liquid that emerges at the level of projective symmetry group classification and mean-field band structure, in which the spinon dispersion is linear along one momentum direction but quadratic along the orthogonal one. We demonstrate that such dispersions can occur only at high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone with C2v little groups and analyze their characteristic correlation signatures. Moreover, by optimizing over all symmetry-allowed mean-field states, we map out a phase diagram—featuring six distinct phases—of the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg Hamiltonian on the trellis lattice. Among these, we find four quasi-one-dimensional QSL phases, one dimer phase, and one Dirac QSL phase. Going beyond mean field, we also assess equal-time and dynamical spin structure factors of these phases using density-matrix renormalization group and Keldysh pseudofermion functional renormalization group calculations and compare qualitative momentum-space features of these spectra with those obtained at the mean-field level. Finally, we identify four cuprate and vanadate compounds as promising experimental realizations and provide spectroscopic predictions, based on first-principles Hamiltonians, as a guide for future neutron-scattering studies on these materials.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 013191– Published 19 February, 2026
  • Received 13 September 2025
  • Accepted 9 January 2026
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