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Mott gap softening coinciding with spin correlations collapse in α-RuCl3

Wei Yue1, Xiaohu Zheng2,4,*, Chongli Yang2, Kun Peng1, and Rui-Rui Du1,3,*

  • *Contact authors: zhengxh@baqis.ac.cn; rrd@pku.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043138 – Published 6 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/nbfx-x8f6

Abstract

The Mott insulator α−RuCl3, featuring the intertwined interplay of spin-orbit coupling and Kitaev spin correlations, provides an unparalleled platform for probing quantum many-body physics. Using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, we compare temperature-dependent dI/dV spectra between in situ grown monolayers and exfoliated bulk samples. Both systems exhibit pronounced Mott gap softening near 110 K, manifested by spectral weight transfer from Hubbard bands toward the Fermi level, resulting in low-energy correlated charge delocalization. Although this gap softening coincides with Kitaev paramagnetic and structural phase transitions in bulk crystals, monolayer studies provide compelling insights. By eliminating structural phase transition in monolayer sample, we suggest that spin correlations, rather than Coulomb interactions alone, may govern charge dynamics within the Mott-Hubbard framework, challenging conventional Mott-Hubbard paradigms. These results resolve a long-standing controversy regarding the Mott gap magnitude in α−RuCl3 and experimentally confirm the critical role of spin correlations in Mott physics.

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043138– Published 6 November, 2025
  • Received 17 December 2024
  • Accepted 23 September 2025
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