- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Probing the hollowing transition of a shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate with collective excitation

Zerong Huang1,*, Kai Yuen Lee1,*, Chun Kit Wong1,†, Liyuan Qiu1, Bo Yang1,‡, Yangqian Yan1,2, and Dajun Wang1,2,§

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Present address: Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
  • ‡Present address: Xi'an Institute of Applied Optics, Xi'an, China.
  • §Contact author: djwang@cuhk.edu.hk
PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033056 – Published 14 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/dbm1-7dy4

Abstract

We investigate the hollowing transition of a shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate using collective excitations. The shell is created using an immiscible dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate mixture, with its hollowness controlled by tuning the repulsive interspecies interaction via a Feshbach resonance. Our results reveal two distinct monopole modes in which the two condensates oscillate either in phase or out of phase. The spectrum of the out-of-phase mode exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on the interspecies interaction, providing a clear signature of the topology change from a filled to a hollow condensate. Furthermore, we find that the critical point of the hollowing transition depends strongly on the number ratio of the two species. Our findings provide a detailed understanding of the topology change in shell-shaped quantum gases and pave the way for future study of quantum many-body phenomena in curved spaces.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (42)

  1. I. Khalatnikov, Hydrodynamics of solutions of two superfluid liquids, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 32, 653 (1957) [Sov. Phys. JETP 5, 542 (1957)].
  2. T.-L. Ho and V. B. Shenoy, Binary mixtures of Bose condensates of alkali atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3276 (1996).
  3. B. D. Esry, C. H. Greene, J. P. Burke, Jr., and J. L. Bohn, Hartree-Fock theory for double condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3594 (1997).
  4. C. K. Law, H. Pu, N. P. Bigelow, and J. H. Eberly, “Stability signature” in two-species dilute Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 3105 (1997).
  5. H. Pu and N. P. Bigelow, Properties of two-species Bose condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1130 (1998).
  6. H. Pu and N. P. Bigelow, Collective excitations, metastability, and nonlinear response of a trapped two-species Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1134 (1998).
  7. E. Timmermans, Phase separation of Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5718 (1998).
  8. A. Sinatra, P. O. Fedichev, Y. Castin, J. Dalibard, and G. V. Shlyapnikov, Dynamics of two interacting Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 251 (1999).
  9. D. S. Hall, M. R. Matthews, J. R. Ensher, C. E. Wieman, and E. A. Cornell, Dynamics of component separation in a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1539 (1998).
  10. S. B. Papp, J. M. Pino, and C. E. Wieman, Tunable miscibility in a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 040402 (2008).
  11. G. Modugno, M. Modugno, F. Riboli, G. Roati, and M. Inguscio, Two atomic species superfluid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 190404 (2002).
  12. D. J. McCarron, H. W. Cho, D. L. Jenkin, M. P. Köppinger, and S. L. Cornish, Dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate of Rb87 and Cs133, Phys. Rev. A 84, 011603 (2011).
  13. A. Lercher, T. Takekoshi, M. Debatin, B. Schuster, R. Rameshan, F. Ferlaino, R. Grimm, and H. C. Nägerl, Production of a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate of Rb and Cs atoms, Eur. Phys. J. D 65, 3 (2011).
  14. L. Wacker, N. B. Jørgensen, D. Birkmose, R. Horchani, W. Ertmer, C. Klempt, N. Winter, J. Sherson, and J. J. Arlt, Tunable dual-species Bose-Einstein condensates of K39 and Rb87, Phys. Rev. A 92, 053602 (2015).
  15. F. Wang, X. Li, D. Xiong, and D. Wang, A double species Na23 and Rb87 Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable miscibility via an interspecies Feshbach resonance, J. Phys. B 49, 015302 (2016).
  16. P. Maddaloni, M. Modugno, C. Fort, F. Minardi, and M. Inguscio, Collective oscillations of two colliding Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2413 (2000).
  17. L. Cavicchioli, C. Fort, M. Modugno, F. Minardi, and A. Burchianti, Dipole dynamics of an interacting bosonic mixture, Phys. Rev. Res. 4, 043068 (2022).
  18. D. S. Petrov, Quantum mechanical stabilization of a collapsing Bose-Bose mixture, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 155302 (2015).
  19. C. R. Cabrera, L. Tanzi, J. Sanz, B. Naylor, P. Thomas, P. Cheiney, and L. Tarrue, Quantum liquid droplets in a mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates, Science 359, 301 (2018).
  20. G. Semeghini, G. Ferioli, L. Masi, C. Mazzinghi, L. Wolswijk, F. Minardi, M. Modugno, G. Modugno, M. Inguscio, and M. Fattori, Self-bound quantum droplets of atomic mixtures in free space, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 235301 (2018).
  21. C. D'Errico, A. Burchianti, M. Prevedelli, L. Salasnich, F. Ancilotto, M. Modugno, F. Minardi, and C. Fort, Observation of quantum droplets in a heteronuclear bosonic mixture, Phys. Rev. Res. 1, 033155 (2019).
  22. Z. Guo, F. Jia, L. Li, Y. Ma, J. M. Hutson, X. Cui, and D. Wang, Lee-Huang-Yang effects in the ultracold mixture of Na23 and Rb87 with attractive interspecies interactions, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 033247 (2021).
  23. G. Thalhammer, G. Barontini, L. De Sarlo, J. Catani, F. Minardi, and M. Inguscio, Double species Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable interspecies interactions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 210402 (2008).
  24. F. Jia, Z. Huang, L. Qiu, R. Zhou, Y. Yan, and D. Wang, Expansion dynamics of a shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 243402 (2022).
  25. A. Wolf, P. Boegel, M. Meister, A. Balaž, N. Gaaloul, and M. A. Efremov, Shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates based on dual-species mixtures, Phys. Rev. A 106, 013309 (2022).
  26. A. Tononi and L. Salasnich, Shell-shaped atomic gases, Phys. Rep. 1072, 1 (2024).
  27. C. Lannert, T.-C. Wei, and S. Vishveshwara, Dynamics of condensate shells: Collective modes and expansion, Phys. Rev. A 75, 013611 (2007).
  28. A. Tononi, F. Cinti, and L. Salasnich, Quantum bubbles in microgravity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 010402 (2020).
  29. K. Padavić, K. Sun, C. Lannert, and S. Vishveshwara, Vortex-antivortex physics in shell-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043305 (2020).
  30. R. A. Carollo, D. C. Aveline, B. Rhyno, S. Vishveshwara, C. Lannert, J. D. Murphree, E. R. Elliott, J. R. Williams, R. J. Thompson, and N. Lundblad, Observation of ultracold atomic bubbles in orbital microgravity, Nature (London) 606, 281 (2022).
  31. K. Padavić, K. Sun, C. Lannert, and S. Vishveshwara, Physics of hollow Bose-Einstein condensates, Europhys. Lett. 120, 20004 (2017).
  32. K. Sun, K. Padavić, F. Yang, S. Vishveshwara, and C. Lannert, Static and dynamic properties of shell-shaped condensates, Phys. Rev. A 98, 013609 (2018).
  33. M. S. Safronova, B. Arora, and C. W. Clark, Frequency-dependent polarizabilities of alkali-metal atoms from ultraviolet through infrared spectral regions, Phys. Rev. A 73, 022505 (2006).
  34. Z. Guo, F. Jia, B. Zhu, L. Li, J. M. Hutson, and D. Wang, Improved characterization of Feshbach resonances and interaction potentials between Na23 and Rb87 atoms, Phys. Rev. A 105, 023313 (2022).
  35. S. Knoop, T. Schuster, R. Scelle, A. Trautmann, J. Appmeier, M. K. Oberthaler, E. Tiesinga, and E. Tiemann, Feshbach spectroscopy and analysis of the interaction potentials of ultracold sodium, Phys. Rev. A 83, 042704 (2011).
  36. E. G. M. van Kempen, S. J. J. M. F. Kokkelmans, D. J. Heinzen, and B. J. Verhaar, Interisotope determination of ultracold rubidium interactions from three high-precision experiments, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 093201 (2002).
  37. D. S. Lobser, A. E. S. Barentine, E. A. Cornell, and H. J. Lewandowski, Observation of a persistent non-equilibrium state in cold atoms, Nat. Phys. 11, 1009 (2015).
  38. F. Jia, Z. Guo, L. Li, and D. Wang, Detection of NaRb Feshbach molecules by photodissociation, Phys. Rev. A 102, 043327 (2020).
  39. C. J. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008).
  40. M. Scherer, B. Lücke, J. Peise, O. Topic, G. Gebreyesus, F. Deuretzbacher, W. Ertmer, L. Santos, C. Klempt, and J. J. Arlt, Spontaneous symmetry breaking in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. A 88, 053624 (2013).
  41. J. Sanz, A. Frölian, C. S. Chisholm, C. R. Cabrera, and L. Tarruell, Interaction control and bright solitons in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 013201 (2022).
  42. C. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases, 2nd ed. (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033056– Published 14 July, 2025
  • Received 26 February 2025
  • Accepted 2 June 2025
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation