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Coherent and dissipative spin torques in quantum dots: A unified framework for quantum spin dynamics

Dominic Ruckert, Stepan Kovarik, Richard Schlitz, Mirco Grellmann, Aishwarya Vishwakarma, Pietro Gambardella, and Sebastian Stepanow*

  • Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

  • *Contact author: sebastian.stepanow@mat.ethz.ch
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023121 – Published 5 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/ch3j-s35h

Abstract

The manipulation of single spins through spin-polarized tunneling opens pathways for quantum control at the atomic scale. We present a theoretical framework describing spin transfer, spin torques, and spin resonance in molecular quantum dots weakly coupled to magnetic electrodes. By deriving a Lindblad master equation from microscopic tunneling processes, we capture both coherent exchange interactions and dissipative spin torque effects within a unified approach. We analyze how charge transport through localized orbitals influences spin dynamics and show that modulating the tunneling rates in time can induce electron spin resonance. This framework is further extended to coupled spin systems, revealing how spin coherence and entanglement respond to local spin torques and highlighting sources of transport-driven decoherence. Our results provide a general model to interpret spin-resolved tunneling experiments and extend classical spin torque concepts into the quantum regime.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023121– Published 5 May, 2026
  • Received 17 December 2025
  • Accepted 7 April 2026
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