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Predicting dynamics from flows of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis

Dominik Hahn1,2,*, David M. Long3,4, Marin Bukov2, and Anushya Chandran2,5

  • *Contact author: dominik.hahn@physics.ox.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 043091 – Published 23 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c9d7-x8gc

Abstract

Analytical treatments of far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics are few, even in well-thermalizing systems. The celebrated eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a post hoc ansatz for the matrix elements of observables in the eigenbasis of a thermalizing Hamiltonian, given various response functions of those observables as input. However, the ETH cannot predict these response functions. We introduce a procedure, dubbed the statistical Jacobi approximation (SJA), to update the ETH ansatz after a perturbation to the Hamiltonian and predict perturbed response functions. The Jacobi algorithm diagonalizes the perturbation through a sequence of two-level rotations. The SJA implements these rotations statistically assuming the ETH throughout the diagonalization procedure and generates integrodifferential flow equations for various form factors in the ETH ansatz. We approximately solve these flow equations using statistical information about Jacobi rotations as input and predict both quench dynamics and autocorrelators in the thermal state of the perturbed Hamiltonian. The predicted dynamics agree with exact numerics in both random matrix models and spin chains, outperforming second-order time-dependent perturbation theory.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 043091– Published 23 October, 2026
  • Received 15 April 2025
  • Accepted 9 October 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by Max Planck Society.

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