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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Role of femtosecond prestructure of intense harmonic pulses in relativistic laser-solid interactions

C. Aparajit1, Anandam Choudhary1, Ankit Dulat1, Mickael Grech2, Samuel Marini3, Amit D. Lad1, Yash M. Ved1, Michèle Raynaud4, Caterina Riconda2 et al.

G. Ravindra Kumar1,*

  • *Contact author: grk@tifr.res.in
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, L032063 – Published 22 September, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.L032063

Abstract

Extreme intensity contrast is essential for ultraintense, femtosecond laser excitation of solids, in particular for studies with structured or ultrathin targets. In order to maximize the contrast in the nanosecond and picosecond range, a very effective approach is the use of second-harmonic generation. In this Letter, we use intense harmonic 400-nm pulses to explore experimentally the fundamental interactions of these pulses with flat and sub−λ grating targets. We show that the presence of a femtosecond-scale structure in the rising edge of the harmonic laser pulse critically modifies the laser-solid interaction. It alters the local field structures and hence induces redirection in the electron trajectories and distributions. We show that it is of particular importance concerning resonant phenomena such as surface plasmon excitation in structured targets. Particle-in-cell simulations fully support and give further insight into our experimental results. Our findings have important implications not only for the use of harmonic pulses on solid targets but also for two-color schemes based on second-harmonic pulses.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, L032063– Published 22 September, 2025
  • Received 17 February 2024
  • Revised 20 May 2024
  • Accepted 3 April 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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