- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Generation and optimization of entanglement between atoms chirally coupled to spin cavities

Jia-Bin You1,2,*, Jian Feng Kong1,2, Davit Aghamalyan1, Wai-Keong Mok3, Kian Hwee Lim4, Jun Ye1,2, Ching Eng Png1, and Francisco J. García-Vidal1,5,†

  • 1Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, No. 16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
  • 2Quantum Innovation Centre (Q.InC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, No. 08-03 Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
  • 3Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 4Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
  • 5Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

  • *Contact author: you_jiabin@ihpc.a-star.edu.sg
  • †Contact author: fj.garcia@uam.es
PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 7, L012058 – Published 10 March, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.L012058

Abstract

We explore the generation and optimization of entanglement between atoms chirally coupled to finite one-dimensional spin chains, functioning as spin cavities. By diagonalizing the spin cavity Hamiltonian, we identify a parity effect that influences entanglement, with small even-sized cavities chirally coupled to atoms expediting entanglement generation by approximately 50% faster than nonchiral coupling. Applying a classical driving field to the atoms reveals oscillations in concurrence, with resonant dips at specific driving strengths due to the resonances between the driven atom and the spin cavity. Extending our study to systems with energetic disorder, we find that high concurrence can be achieved regardless of disorder strength when the inverse participation ratio of the resulting eigenstates is favorable. Finally, we demonstrate that controlled disorder within the cavity significantly enhances and expedites entanglement generation, achieving higher concurrences up to four times faster than those attained in ordered systems.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (41)

  1. C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. K. Wootters, Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993).
  2. A. K. Ekert, Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 661 (1991).
  3. F. Grosshans, G. Van Assche, J. Wenger, R. Brouri, N. J. Cerf, and P. Grangier, Quantum key distribution using Gaussian-modulated coherent states, Nature (London) 421, 238 (2003).
  4. T. M. Graham, Y. Song, J. Scott, C. Poole, L. Phuttitarn, K. Jooya, P. Eichler, X. Jiang, A. Marra, B. Grinkemeyer, M. Kwon, M. Ebert, J. Cherek, M. T. Lichtman, M. Gillette, J. Gilbert, D. Bowman, T. Ballance, C. Campbell, E. D. Dahl, O. Crawford, N. S. Blunt, B. Rogers, T. Noel, and M. Saffman, Multi-qubit entanglement and algorithms on a neutral-atom quantum computer, Nature (London) 604, 457 (2022).
  5. A. Gonzalez-Tudela, D. Martin-Cano, E. Moreno, L. Martin-Moreno, C. Tejedor, and F. J. Garcia-Vidal, Entanglement of two qubits mediated by one-dimensional plasmonic waveguides, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 020501 (2011).
  6. J. M. Raimond, M. Brune, and S. Haroche, Manipulating quantum entanglement with atoms and photons in a cavity, Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 565 (2001).
  7. A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
  8. M. H. Goerz, G. Gualdi, D. M. Reich, C. P. Koch, F. Motzoi, K. B. Whaley, J. Vala, M. M. Müller, S. Montangero, and T. Calarco, Optimizing for an arbitrary perfect entangler. II. Application, Phys. Rev. A 91, 062307 (2015).
  9. P. Watts, J. Vala, M. M. Müller, T. Calarco, K. B. Whaley, D. M. Reich, M. H. Goerz, and C. P. Koch, Optimizing for an arbitrary perfect entangler. I. Functionals, Phys. Rev. A 91, 062306 (2015).
  10. M. M. Müller, D. M. Reich, M. Murphy, H. Yuan, J. Vala, K. B. Whaley, T. Calarco, and C. P. Koch, Optimizing entangling quantum gates for physical systems, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042315 (2011).
  11. H. Pichler, T. Ramos, A. J. Daley, and P. Zoller, Quantum optics of chiral spin networks, Phys. Rev. A 91, 042116 (2015).
  12. T. Ramos, B. Vermersch, P. Hauke, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, Non-Markovian dynamics in chiral quantum networks with spins and photons, Phys. Rev. A 93, 062104 (2016).
  13. T. Ramos, H. Pichler, A. J. Daley, and P. Zoller, Quantum spin dimers from chiral dissipation in cold-atom chains, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 237203 (2014).
  14. P. Lodahl, S. Mahmoodian, S. Stobbe, A. Rauschenbeutel, P. Schneeweiss, J. Volz, H. Pichler, and P. Zoller, Chiral quantum optics, Nature (London) 541, 473 (2017).
  15. K. Kleinbeck, H. Busche, N. Stiesdal, S. Hofferberth, K. Mølmer, and H. P. Büchler, Creation of nonclassical states of light in a chiral waveguide, Phys. Rev. A 107, 013717 (2023).
  16. C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, A. Gonzalez-Tudela, F. J. Garcia-Vidal, and E. Moreno, Chiral route to spontaneous entanglement generation, Phys. Rev. B 92, 155304 (2015).
  17. W.-K. Mok, J.-B. You, L.-C. Kwek, and D. Aghamalyan, Microresonators enhancing long-distance dynamical entanglement generation in chiral quantum networks, Phys. Rev. A 101, 053861 (2020).
  18. W.-K. Mok, D. Aghamalyan, J.-B. You, T. Haug, W. Zhang, C. E. Png, and L.-C. Kwek, Long-distance dissipation-assisted transport of entangled states via a chiral waveguide, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 013369 (2020).
  19. J. Petersen, J. Volz, and A. Rauschenbeutel, Chiral nanophotonic waveguide interface based on spin-orbit interaction of light, Science 346, 67 (2014).
  20. A. B. Young, A. C. T. Thijssen, D. M. Beggs, P. Androvitsaneas, L. Kuipers, J. G. Rarity, S. Hughes, and R. Oulton, Polarization engineering in photonic crystal waveguides for spin-photon entanglers, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 153901 (2015).
  21. J. Lin, J. P. B. Mueller, Q. Wang, G. Yuan, N. Antoniou, X.-C. Yuan, and F. Capasso, Polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling of surface plasmon polaritons, Science 340, 331 (2013).
  22. K. Stannigel, P. Rabl, A. S. Sørensen, M. D. Lukin, and P. Zoller, Optomechanical transducers for quantum-information processing, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042341 (2011).
  23. G. Yang, C.-H. Hsu, P. Stano, J. Klinovaja, and D. Loss, Long-distance entanglement of spin qubits via quantum Hall edge states, Phys. Rev. B 93, 075301 (2016).
  24. A. Frisk Kockum, P. Delsing, and G. Johansson, Designing frequency-dependent relaxation rates and Lamb shifts for a giant artificial atom, Phys. Rev. A 90, 013837 (2014).
  25. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.7.L012058 for further details of the model Hamiltonian (Sec. I); effects of dissipation on the concurrence (Sec. II); second-order perturbation theory (Sec. III); effect of the classical driving field on entanglement (Sec. IV); fast entanglement generation (Sec. V); and experimental realizations (Sec. VI).
  26. U. Schollwöck, The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states, Ann. Phys. (NY) 326, 96 (2011).
  27. F. Verstraete, V. Murg, and J. Cirac, Matrix product states, projected entangled pair states, and variational renormalization group methods for quantum spin systems, Adv. Phys. 57, 143 (2008).
  28. J. Cui, J. I. Cirac, and M. C. Bañuls, Variational matrix product operators for the steady state of dissipative quantum systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 220601 (2015).
  29. J.-B. You, X. Xiong, P. Bai, Z.-K. Zhou, W.-L. Yang, C. E. Png, L. C. Kwek, and L. Wu, Suppressing decoherence in quantum plasmonic systems by the spectral-hole-burning effect, Phys. Rev. A 103, 053517 (2021).
  30. J. Haegeman, J. I. Cirac, T. J. Osborne, I. Pižorn, H. Verschelde, and F. Verstraete, Time-dependent variational principle for quantum lattices, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 070601 (2011).
  31. J. Haegeman, C. Lubich, I. Oseledets, B. Vandereycken, and F. Verstraete, Unifying time evolution and optimization with matrix product states, Phys. Rev. B 94, 165116 (2016).
  32. W. K. Wootters, Entanglement of formation and concurrence, Quantum Inf. Comput. 1, 27 (2001).
  33. R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, and K. Horodecki, Quantum entanglement, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009).
  34. T. Yu and J. H. Eberly, Sudden death of entanglement, Science 323, 598 (2009).
  35. P. W. Anderson, Absence of diffusion in certain random lattices, Phys. Rev. 109, 1492 (1958).
  36. F. Motzoi, J. M. Gambetta, P. Rebentrost, and F. K. Wilhelm, Simple pulses for elimination of leakage in weakly nonlinear qubits, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 110501 (2009).
  37. X. X. Li, X. Shao, and W. Li, Single temporal-pulse-modulated parameterized controlled-phase gate for Rydberg atoms, Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 044042 (2022).
  38. J. M. Chow, L. DiCarlo, J. M. Gambetta, F. Motzoi, L. Frunzio, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoelkopf, Optimized driving of superconducting artificial atoms for improved single-qubit gates, Phys. Rev. A 82, 040305(R) (2010).
  39. V. Gheorghiu, J. Huang, S. M. Li, M. Mosca, and P. Mukhopadhyay, Reducing the CNOT count for Clifford+T circuits on NISQ architectures, IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integr. Circuits Syst. 42, 1873 (2022).
  40. Y. Qian, Z. Guan, S. Zheng, and S. Feng, A method based on timing weight priority and distance optimization for quantum circuit transformation, Entropy 25, 465 (2023).
  41. T. G. de Brugière, M. Baboulin, B. Valiron, S. Martiel, and C. Allouche, Quantum CNOT circuits synthesis for NISQ architectures using the syndrome decoding problem, in Reversible Computation, RC 2020, edited by I. Lanese and M. Rawski, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12227 (Springer, Cham, 2020), pp. 189–205.

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 7, L012058– Published 10 March, 2025
  • Received 28 February 2024
  • Accepted 23 December 2024
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation