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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Demonstration of Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering via superconducting quantum processor

Z. T. Wang1,*, Ruixia Wang1,*, Peng Zhao1, Z. H. Yang2,3, Yun-Hao Shi2,3, Kaixuan Huang1,†, Kai Xu2,1,4, Yong-Sheng Zhang5,6,7,‡, Heng Fan2,1,3,4,7,8 et al.

S. P. Zhao2,3,4,8, Meng-Jun Hu1,§, and Haifeng Yu1,7

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: huangkx@baqis.ac.cn
  • ‡Contact author: yshzhang@ustc.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: humj@baqis.ac.cn
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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032073 – Published 26 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L032073

Abstract

The concept of Maxwell demon plays an essential role in connecting thermodynamics and information theory, while entanglement and nonlocality are fundamental features of quantum theory. Given the rapid advancements in the field of quantum information science, there is a growing interest and significance in investigating the connection between Maxwell demon and quantum correlation. The majority of research endeavors thus far have been directed toward the extraction of work from quantum correlation through the utilization of Maxwell demon. Recently, a novel concept called Maxwell demon-assisted Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has been proposed, which suggests that it is possible to simulate quantum correlation by doing work. This seemingly counterintuitive conclusion is attributed to the fact that Alice and Bob need classical communication during EPR steering task, a requirement that does not apply in the Bell test. In this study, we demonstrate Maxwell demon-assisted EPR steering with superconducting quantum circuits. By compiling and optimizing a quantum circuit to be implemented on a 2D superconducting chip, we were able to achieve a steering parameter of S2=0.770±0.005 in the case of two measurement settings, which surpasses the classical bound of 1/2 by 12.6 standard deviations. In addition, experimental observations have revealed a linear correlation between the nonlocality demonstrated in EPR steering and the work done by the demon. Considering the errors in practical operation, the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical predictions. Our findings not only suggest the presence of a Maxwell demon loophole in the EPR steering, but also contribute to a deeper comprehension of the interplay between quantum correlation, information theory, and thermodynamics.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032073– Published 26 September, 2024
  • Received 26 February 2024
  • Accepted 2 September 2024
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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