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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Liouvillian skin effects and fragmented condensates in an integrable dissipative Bose-Hubbard model

Christopher Ekman* and Emil J. Bergholtz†

  • *Contact author: christopher.ekman@fysik.su.se
  • †Contact author: emil.bergholtz@fysik.su.se
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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032067 – Published 17 September, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L032067

Abstract

Strongly interacting nonequilibrium systems are of great fundamental interest, yet their inherent complexity make them notoriously hard to analyze. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model, which by itself evades solvability, can be solved exactly at any interaction strength in the presence of loss tuned to a rate matching the hopping amplitude. Remarkably, the full solvability of the corresponding Liouvillian, and the integrability of the pertinent effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, survives the addition of disorder and generic boundary conditions. By analyzing the Bethe ansatz solutions we find that even weak interactions change the qualitative features of the system, leading to an intricate dynamical phase diagram featuring non-Hermitian Mott-skin effects, disorder induced localization, highly degenerate exceptional points, and a Bose glasslike phase of fragmented condensates. We discuss realistic implementations of this model with cold atoms.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L032067– Published 17 September, 2024
  • Received 23 February 2024
  • Revised 4 June 2024
  • Accepted 31 July 2024
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