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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Superfluid transition of a ferromagnetic Bose gas

Pye Ton How*

Sungkit Yip†

  • Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

  • Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan

  • *pthow@outlook.com
  • †yip@phys.sinica.edu.tw
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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L022030 – Published 3 May, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022030

Abstract

The strongly ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate has recently been realized with atomic Li7. It was predicted that a strong ferromagnetic interaction can drive the normal gas into a magnetized phase at a temperature above the superfluid transition, and Li7 likely satisfies the criterion. We reexamine this theoretical proposal employing the two-particle-irreducible effective potential, and conclude that there exists no stable normal magnetized phase for a dilute ferromagnetic Bose gas. For Li7, we predict that the normal gas undergoes a joint first-order transition and jumps directly into a state with finite condensate density and magnetization. We estimate the size of the first-order jump and examine how a partial spin polarization in the initial sample affects the first-order transition. We propose a qualitative phase diagram at fixed temperature for the trapped gas.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L022030– Published 3 May, 2024
  • Received 24 January 2024
  • Accepted 17 April 2024
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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