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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Supercurrent noise in a phase-biased superconductor-normal ring in thermal equilibrium

Ziwei Dou1,*, Xavier Ballu1, Quan Dong2, Yong Jin3, Richard Deblock1, Sandrine Autier-Laurent1, Sophie Guéron1, Hélène Bouchiat1, and Meydi Ferrier1,†

  • 1Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405 Orsay, France
  • 2CryoHEMT Electronics for Scientific Research, 91400 Orsay, France
  • 3Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France

  • *Present address: Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
  • †meydi.ferrier@universite-paris-saclay.fr
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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L022023 – Published 25 April, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L022023

Abstract

In superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) junctions, supercurrent is mediated via Andreev bound states (ABSs) controlled by the phase difference between the two superconductors. Theory has long predicted significant noise of such supercurrent in equilibrium, due to thermal excitation between the ABSs. Via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), this leads to a finite dissipative conductance that coexists with the supercurrent but is hidden in dc measurement. Here, we directly measure the supercurrent noise at radio frequency in a phase-biased SNS ring inductively coupled to a superconducting resonator. We also measure the admittance of the same system whose real part is the dissipative conductance, and quantitatively verify the FDT relation of the SNS ring. The dissipative conductance shows a 1/T temperature dependence, in contrast to the Drude conductance of an unproximitized metal. Using linear response theory, we attribute this behavior to the enhanced current correlations due to the electron-hole symmetry imposed by the proximity effect. Our results reveal the commonly overlooked role of thermal fluctuations in superconducting hybrid systems and other mesoscopic or quantum material systems with large orbital susceptibility.

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Phys. Rev. Research 6, L022023– Published 25 April, 2024
  • Received 5 December 2022
  • Accepted 1 December 2023
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