Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Spectroscopy of helium-tagged C60 anions

Miriam Kappe1, Paul Martini2, Arne Schiller1,3, Elisabeth Gruber1, Fabio Zappa1, Serge A. Krasnokutski4, Paul Scheier1, and Michael Gatchell2,*

  • 1Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
  • 2Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
  • 3Institut für Atemgasanalytik, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 66, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
  • 4Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany

  • *gatchell@fysik.su.se

Phys. Rev. Research 6, L012045 – Published 1 March, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012045

Abstract

We present measurements of the electronic absorption spectrum of He-tagged buckminsterfullerene anions, C60−. Using a technique that allows for the efficient tagging of complex molecular anions with He, we achieve atomically resolved action spectra that provide an accurate determination of the gas-phase absorption spectrum in the near-infrared regime. In total we identify 27 absorption bands between 895 and 1057 nm.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (40)

  1. E. K. Campbell, M. Holz, D. Gerlich, and J. P. Maier, Laboratory confirmation of C60+ as the carrier of two diffuse interstellar bands, Nature (London) 523, 322 (2015).
  2. H. Linnartz, J. Cami, M. Cordiner, N. L. J. Cox, P. Ehrenfreund, B. Foing, M. Gatchell, and P. Scheier, C60+ as a diffuse interstellar band carrier; a spectroscopic story in 6 acts, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 367, 111243 (2020).
  3. L. M. Hobbs, D. G. York, J. A. Thorburn, T. P. Snow, M. Bishof, S. D. Friedman, B. J. McCall, T. Oka, B. Rachford, P. Sonnentrucker, and D. E. Welty, Studies of the diffuse interstellar bands. III. HD 183143, Astrophys. J. 705, 32 (2009).
  4. J. Krełowski, Diffuse interstellar bands. A survey of observational facts, Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 130, 07100 (2018).
  5. M. L. Heger, Further study of the sodium lines in class B stars, Lick Obs. Bull. 10, 141 (1922).
  6. Z. Gasyna, L. Andrews, and P. N. Schatz, Near-infrared absorption spectra of fullerene (C60) radical cations and anions prepared simultaneously in solid argon, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 1525 (1992).
  7. J. Fulara, M. Jakobi, and J. P. Maier, Electronic and infrared spectra of C60+ and C60− in neon and argon matrices, Chem. Phys. Lett. 211, 227 (1993).
  8. M. Okumura, L. I. Yeh, and Y. T. Lee, The vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of hydrogen cluster ions, J. Chem. Phys. 83, 3705 (1985).
  9. M. Okumura, L. I. Yeh, J. D. Myers, and Y. T. Lee, Infrared spectra of the solvated hydronium ion: Vibrational predissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected H3O+·(H2O)n·(H2)m, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 3416 (1990).
  10. H. J. Zeng, N. Yang, and M. A. Johnson, Introductory lecture: advances in ion spectroscopy: from astrophysics to biology, Faraday Discuss. 217, 8 (2019).
  11. D. Gerlich, Infrared spectroscopy of cold trapped molecular ions using He-tagging, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 65, 637 (2018).
  12. D. Gerlich and S. Horning, Experimental investigation of radiative association processes as related to interstellar chemistry, Chem. Rev. 92, 1509 (1992).
  13. D. Gerlich, J. Jašík, and J. Roithová, Tagging fullerene ions with helium in a cryogenic quadrupole trap, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 438, 78 (2019).
  14. J. P. Maier and E. K. Campbell, The presence of C60+ in space, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 434, 116 (2018).
  15. M. Kuhn, M. Renzler, J. Postler, S. Ralser, S. Spieler, M. Simpson, H. Linnartz, A. G. G. M. Tielens, J. Cami, A. Mauracher, Y. Wang, M. Alcamí, F. Martín, M. K. Beyer, R. Wester, A. Lindinger, and P. Scheier, Atomically resolved phase transition of fullerene cations solvated in helium droplets, Nat. Commun. 7, 13550 (2016).
  16. S. Spieler, M. Kuhn, J. Postler, M. Simpson, R. Wester, P. Scheier, W. Ubachs, X. Bacalla, J. Bouwman, and H. Linnartz, C60+ and the diffuse interstellar bands: An independent laboratory check, Astrophys. J. 846, 168 (2017).
  17. A. Kaiser, J. Postler, M. Ončák, M. Kuhn, M. Renzler, S. Spieler, M. Simpson, M. Gatchell, M. K. Beyer, R. Wester, F. A. Gianturco, P. Scheier, F. Calvo, and E. Yurtsever, Isomeric broadening of C60+ electronic excitation in helium droplets: Experiments meet theory, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9, 1237 (2018).
  18. F.-X. Hardy, C. A. Rice, and J. P. Maier, Gas-phase electronic spectra of coronene and corannulene cations, Astrophys. J. 836, 37 (2017).
  19. M. Gatchell, P. Martini, F. Laimer, M. Goulart, F. Calvo, and P. Scheier, Spectroscopy of corannulene cations in helium nanodroplets, Faraday Discuss. 217, 276 (2019).
  20. M. Meyer, P. Martini, A. Schiller, F. Zappa, S. A. Krasnokutski, and P. Scheier, Electronic Spectroscopy of anthracene cations and protonated anthracene in the search for carriers of diffuse interstellar bands, Astrophys. J. 913, 136 (2021).
  21. M. Kappe, A. Schiller, S. A. Krasnokutski, M. Ončák, P. Scheier, and E. M. Cunningham, Electronic spectroscopy of cationic adamantane clusters and dehydrogenated adamantane in helium droplets, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 24, 23142 (2022).
  22. M. Kappe, B. Rasul, M. Mahmoodi-Darian, A. Schiller, F. Zappa, S. A. Krasnokutski, and P. Scheier, He-tagging spectroscopy of tetracene cations, Mol. Phys. 122, e2202271 (2023).
  23. M. Kappe, A. Schiller, F. Zappa, S. A. Krasnokutski, M. S. Wagner, H. F. Bettinger, and P. Scheier, Electronic spectroscopy of heptacene ions in the search for carriers of diffuse interstellar bands, Astron. Astrophys. 672, A4 (2023).
  24. J. Simons, M. Johnson, K. Asmis, A. B. McCoy, S. Daly, R. Wester, A. Rijs, P. Sarre, M.-P. Gaigeot, R. Mabbs, K. Jordan, C. Dessent, D. Neumark, C.-w. Chou, B. Gerber, O. Dopfer, J. Oomens, A. Krylov, S. Schlemmer, S. Willitsch et al., Pushing resolution in frequency and time: general discussion, Faraday Discuss. 217, 290 (2019).
  25. H. K. Gerardi, A. F. DeBlase, X. Su, K. D. Jordan, A. B. McCoy, and M. A. Johnson, Unraveling the anomalous solvatochromic response of the formate ion vibrational spectrum: An infrared, Ar-tagging study of the HCO2−, DCO2−, and HCO2−·H2O ions, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 2437 (2011).
  26. O. Gorlova, J. W. DePalma, C. T. Wolke, A. Brathwaite, T. T. Odbadrakh, K. D. Jordan, A. B. McCoy, and M. A. Johnson, Characterization of the primary hydration shell of the hydroxide ion with H2 tagging vibrational spectroscopy of the OH−·(H2O)n=2,3 and OD−·(D2O)n=2,3 clusters, J. Chem. Phys. 145, 134304 (2016).
  27. D. A. Thomas, E. Mucha, S. Gewinner, W. Schöllkopf, G. Meijer, and G. von Helden, Vibrational spectroscopy of fluoroformate, FCO2−, trapped in helium nanodroplets, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9, 2305 (2018).
  28. P. Martini, S. Albertini, F. Laimer, M. Meyer, M. Gatchell, O. Echt, F. Zappa, and P. Scheier, Splashing of large helium nanodroplets upon surface collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 263401 (2021).
  29. A. Mauracher, M. Daxner, J. Postler, S. E. Huber, S. Denifl, P. Scheier, and J. P. Toennies, Detection of negative charge carriers in superfluid helium droplets: The metastable anions He*− and He2*−, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5, 2444 (2014).
  30. F. Laimer, F. Zappa, P. Scheier, and M. Gatchell, Multiply charged helium droplet anions, Chem. Eur. J. 27, 7283 (2021).
  31. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012045 for detailed views of measured spectra and the influence of H2O molecules on the 1057 nm band.
  32. C. Leidlmair, Y. Wang, P. Bartl, H. Schöbel, S. Denifl, M. Probst, M. Alcamí, F. Martín, H. Zettergren, K. Hansen, O. Echt, and P. Scheier, Structures, energetics, and dynamics of helium adsorbed on isolated fullerene ions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 076101 (2012).
  33. M. Harnisch, N. Weinberger, S. Denifl, P. Scheier, and O. Echt, Adsorption of helium on isolated C60 and C70 anions, Mol. Phys. 113, 2191 (2015).
  34. D. R. Lawson, D. L. Feldheim, C. A. Foss, P. K. Dorhout, C. M. Elliott, C. R. Martin, and B. Parkinson, Near-IR absorption Spectra for the buckminsterfullerene anions: an experimental and theoretical study, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, L68 (1992).
  35. S. Tomita, J. U. Andersen, E. Bonderup, P. Hvelplund, B. Liu, S. B. Nielsen, U. V. Pedersen, J. Rangama, K. Hansen, and O. Echt, Dynamic Jahn-Teller effects in isolated C60− studied by near-infrared spectroscopy in a storage ring, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 053002 (2005).
  36. K. Støchkel and J. U. Andersen, Photo excitation and laser detachment of C60− anions in a storage ring, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 164304 (2013).
  37. J. Cami, J. Bernard-Salas, E. Peeters, and S. E. Malek, Detection of C60 and C70 in a young planetary nebula, Science 329, 1180 (2010).
  38. P. Kupser, J. D. Steill, J. Oomens, G. Meijer, and G. von Helden, IR spectroscopy of gas-phase C60−, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, 6862 (2008).
  39. S. Iglesias-Groth, Fullerenes in the IC 348 star cluster of the Perseus molecular cloud, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 489, 1509 (2019).
  40. G. Rouillé, S. A. Krasnokutski, and Y. Carpentier, The C60:C60+ ratio in diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds, Astron. Astrophys. 656, A100 (2021).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation