- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Floquet Weyl states at one-photon resonance: An origin of nonperturbative optical responses in three-dimensional materials

Yoshua Hirai1, Shun Okumura2, Naotaka Yoshikawa1, Takashi Oka3, and Ryo Shimano1,4

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 2Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
  • 3Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
  • 4Cryogenic Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan

PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 6, L012027 – Published 9 February, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012027

Abstract

Electrons driven coherently by laser light can exhibit nonperturbative geometric effects. Drastic deformation and gap openings of the electrons' Floquet bands occur at one-photon resonances since the electron and hole bands hybridize through their replicas at the lowest-order photon exchange. We study the evolution of Floquet bands in three-dimensional (3D) materials driven by circularly polarized light (CPL) using the Dirac model. We find that the light-induced gap closes at a select few points in the momentum space where Floquet Weyl points are formed. The Weyl points are protected by their monopole charge and can merge, separate, or pair annihilate depending on the anisotropy of electrons and the ellipticity of the incident light. In isotropic 3D Dirac electrons driven by CPL, the Weyl points merge to form Floquet double-Weyl points with topological charge ±2. Our results reveal a universal aspect of light-matter interactions in 3D quantum materials and open a route towards controllable versatile electromagnetic responses associated with light-induced Floquet Weyl states.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (37)

  1. D. N. Basov, R. D. Averitt, and D. Hsieh, Towards properties on demand in quantum materials, Nat. Mater. 16, 1077 (2017).
  2. A. de la Torre, D. M. Kennes, M. Claassen, S. Gerber, J. W. McIver, and M. A. Sentef, Colloquium: Nonthermal pathways to ultrafast control in quantum materials, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 041002 (2021).
  3. J. Orenstein, Ultrafast spectroscopy of quantum materials, Phys. Today 65 (9), 44 (2012).
  4. T. Oka and S. Kitamura, Floquet engineering of quantum materials, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 10, 387 (2019).
  5. Y. H. Wang, H. Steinberg, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and N. Gedik, Observation of Floquet-Bloch states on the surface of a topological insulator, Science 342, 453 (2013).
  6. J. W. McIver, B. Schulte, F. U. Stein, T. Matsuyama, G. Jotzu, G. Meier, and A. Cavalleri, Light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene, Nat. Phys. 16, 38 (2020).
  7. S. Ito, M. Schüler, M. Meierhofer, S. Schlauderer, J. Freudenstein, J. Reimann, D. Afanasiev, K. A. Kokh, O. E. Tereshchenko, J. Güdde, M. A. Sentef, U. Höfer, and R. Huber, Build-up and dephasing of Floquet–Bloch bands on subcycle timescales, Nature (London) 616, 696 (2023).
  8. T. Oka and H. Aoki, Photovoltaic Hall effect in graphene, Phys. Rev. B 79, 081406(R) (2009).
  9. N. H. Lindner, G. Refael, and V. Galitski, Floquet topological insulator in semiconductor quantum wells, Nat. Phys. 7, 490 (2011).
  10. S. A. Sato, J. W. McIver, M. Nuske, P. Tang, G. Jotzu, B. Schulte, H. Hübener, U. De Giovannini, L. Mathey, M. A. Sentef, A. Cavalleri, and A. Rubio, Microscopic theory for the light-induced anomalous Hall effect in graphene, Phys. Rev. B 99, 214302 (2019).
  11. U. D. Giovannini and H. Hübener, Floquet analysis of excitations in materials, J. Phys. Mater. 3, 012001 (2019).
  12. M. S. Rudner and N. H. Lindner, Band structure engineering and non-equilibrium dynamics in Floquet topological insulators, Nat. Rev. Phys. 2, 229 (2020).
  13. A. Eckardt, Colloquium: Atomic quantum gases in periodically driven optical lattices, Rev. Mod. Phys. 89, 011004 (2017).
  14. Y. Hirai, N. Yoshikawa, M. Kawaguchi, M. Hayashi, S. Okumura, T. Oka, and R. Shimano, Anomalous Hall effect of light-driven three-dimensional Dirac electrons in bismuth, arXiv:2301.06072.
  15. N. Yoshikawa, Y. Hirai, K. Ogawa, S. Okumura, J. Fujiwara, Kohei Ikeda, T. Koretsune, A. Arita, Ryotaro Mitra, A. Tsukazaki, T. Oka, and R. Shimano, Light-induced chiral gauge field in a massive 3D Dirac electron system, arXiv:2209.11932.
  16. Y. Murotani, N. Kanda, T. Fujimoto, T. Matsuda, M. Goyal, J. Yoshinobu, Y. Kobayashi, T. Oka, S. Stemmer, and R. Matsunaga, Disentangling the competing mechanisms of light-induced anomalous Hall conductivity in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 131, 096901 (2023).
  17. R. Wang, B. Wang, R. Shen, L. Sheng, and D. Y. Xing, Floquet Weyl semimetal induced by off-resonant light, Europhys. Lett. 105, 17004 (2014).
  18. S. Ebihara, K. Fukushima, and T. Oka, Chiral pumping effect induced by rotating electric fields, Phys. Rev. B 93, 155107 (2016).
  19. H. Hübener, M. A. Sentef, U. De Giovannini, A. F. Kemper, and A. Rubio, Creating stable Floquet-Weyl semimetals by laser-driving of 3D Dirac materials, Nat. Commun. 8, 13940 (2017).
  20. L. Bucciantini, S. Roy, S. Kitamura, and T. Oka, Emergent Weyl nodes and Fermi arcs in a Floquet Weyl semimetal, Phys. Rev. B 96, 041126(R) (2017).
  21. Y. Fuseya, M. Ogata, and H. Fukuyama, Transport properties and diamagnetism of Dirac electrons in bismuth, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 84, 012001 (2015).
  22. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012027 for a detailed derivation of the effective Hamiltonian, effects of anisotropy and ellipticity, the density of states of Weyl and double-Weyl semimetals, and the effects of finite mass.
  23. Y. Suzumura and A. Kobayashi, Berry curvature of the Dirac particle in α−(BEDT−TTF)2I3, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 104701 (2011).
  24. C. Fang, M. J. Gilbert, X. Dai, and B. A. Bernevig, Multi-Weyl topological semimetals stabilized by point group symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 266802 (2012).
  25. Z.-M. Huang, J. Zhou, and S.-Q. Shen, Topological responses from chiral anomaly in multi-Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. B 96, 085201 (2017).
  26. R. M. A. Dantas, F. Peña-Benitez, B. Roy, and P. Surówka, Non-Abelian anomalies in multi-Weyl semimetals, Phys. Rev. Res. 2, 013007 (2020).
  27. S.-M. Huang, S.-Y. Xu, I. Belopolski, C.-C. Lee, G. Chang, T.-R. Chang, B. Wang, N. Alidoust, G. Bian, M. Neupane, D. Sanchez, H. Zheng, H.-T. Jeng, A. Bansil, T. Neupert, H. Lin, and M. Z. Hasan, New type of Weyl semimetal with quadratic double Weyl fermions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, 1180 (2016).
  28. B. Singh, G. Chang, T. R. Chang, S. M. Huang, C. Su, M. C. Lin, H. Lin, and A. Bansil, Tunable double-Weyl fermion semimetal state in the SrSi2 materials class, Sci. Rep. 8, 10540 (2018).
  29. N. Heinsdorf, M. H. Christensen, M. Iraola, S. S. Zhang, F. Yang, T. Birol, C. D. Batista, R. Valentí, and R. M. Fernandes, Prediction of double-Weyl points in the iron-based superconductor CaKFe4As4, Phys. Rev. B 104, 075101 (2021).
  30. J. Ruhman and P. A. Lee, Pairing from dynamically screened Coulomb repulsion in bismuth, Phys. Rev. B 96, 235107 (2017).
  31. Z. K. Liu, B. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Z. J. Wang, H. M. Weng, D. Prabhakaran, S.-K. Mo, Z. X. Shen, Z. Fang, X. Dai, Z. Hussain, and Y. L. Chen, Discovery of a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal, Na3Bi, Science 343, 864 (2014).
  32. I. Crassee, R. Sankar, W.-L. Lee, A. Akrap, and M. Orlita, 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2: A review of material properties, Phys. Rev. Mater. 2, 120302 (2018).
  33. F. Le Mardelé, J. Wyzula, I. Mohelsky, S. Nasrallah, M. Loh, S. Ben David, O. Toledano, D. Tolj, M. Novak, G. Eguchi, S. Paschen, N. Barišić, J. Chen, A. Kimura, M. Orlita, Z. Rukelj, A. Akrap, and D. Santos-Cottin, Evidence for three-dimensional Dirac conical bands in TlBiSSe by optical and magneto-optical spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. B 107, L241101 (2023).
  34. H. Dehghani, T. Oka, and A. Mitra, Dissipative Floquet topological systems, Phys. Rev. B 90, 195429 (2014).
  35. M. Schüler, U. De Giovannini, H. Hübener, A. Rubio, M. A. Sentef, T. P. Devereaux, and P. Werner, How circular dichroism in time- and angle-resolved photoemission can be used to spectroscopically detect transient topological states in graphene, Phys. Rev. X 10, 041013 (2020).
  36. T. Morimoto and N. Nagaosa, Topological nature of nonlinear optical effects in solids, Sci. Adv. 2, e1501524 (2016).
  37. T. Morimoto, S. Kitamura, and N. Nagaosa, Geometric aspects of nonlinear and nonequilibrium phenomena, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 92, 072001 (2023).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 6, L012027– Published 9 February, 2024
  • Received 23 October 2023
  • Accepted 10 January 2024
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation