- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Enhancing exotic quantum fluctuations in a strongly entangled cavity BEC system

Leon Mixa1,*, Hans Keßler2,3, Andreas Hemmerich2,4, and Michael Thorwart1,4

  • 1I. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg, Notkestraße 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
  • 2Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Quantenphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 3Physikalisches Institut, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53115 Bonn, Germany
  • 4The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany

  • *lmixa@physnet.uni-hamburg.de
PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 6, L012024 – Published 2 February, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012024

Abstract

We show that the strong coupling of a quantum light field and correlated quantum matter induces exotic quantum fluctuations in the matter sector. We determine their spectral characteristics and reveal the impact of the atomic s-wave scattering. In particular, we derive the dissipative Landau and Beliaev processes from the microscopic Hamiltonian using imaginary-time path integrals. By this, their strongly sub-Ohmic nature is revealed analytically. A competition between damping and antidamping channels is uncovered. Their intricate influence on physical observables is quantified analytically and the Stokes shift of the critical point is determined. This illustrates the tunability of the quantum matter fluctuations by exploiting strong light-matter coupling.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (36)

  1. K. Baumann, C. Guerlin, F. Brennecke, and T. Esslinger, Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity, Nature (London) 464, 1301 (2010).
  2. F. Brennecke, R. Mottl, K. Baumann, R. Landig, T. Donner, and T. Esslinger, Real-time observation of fluctuations at the driven-dissipative Dicke phase transition, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 11763 (2013).
  3. J. Klinder, H. Keßler, M. Wolke, L. Mathey, and A. Hemmerich, Dynamical phase transition in the open Dicke model, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 3290 (2015).
  4. J. Klinder, H. Keßler, M. R. Bakhtiari, M. Thorwart, and A. Hemmerich, Observation of a superradiant Mott insulator in the Dicke-Hubbard model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 230403 (2015).
  5. X. Zhang, Y. Chen, Z. Wu, J. Wang, J. Fan, S. Deng, and H. Wu, Observation of a superradiant quantum phase transition in an intracavity degenerate Fermi gas, Science 373, 1359 (2021).
  6. C. Emary and T. Brandes, Quantum chaos triggered by precursors of a quantum phase transition: The Dicke model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 044101 (2003).
  7. P. Domokos and H. Ritsch, Collective cooling and self-organization of atoms in a cavity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 253003 (2002).
  8. D. Nagy, G. Szirmai, and P. Domokos, Self-organization of a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical cavity, Eur. Phys. J. D 48, 127 (2008).
  9. D. Nagy, G. Szirmai, and P. Domokos, Critical exponent of a quantum-noise-driven phase transition: The open-system Dicke model, Phys. Rev. A 84, 043637 (2011).
  10. I. B. Mekhov, C. Maschler, and H. Ritsch, Cavity-enhanced light scattering in optical lattices to probe atomic quantum statistics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 100402 (2007).
  11. I. B. Mekhov, C. Maschler, and H. Ritsch, Light scattering from ultracold atoms in optical lattices as an optical probe of quantum statistics, Phys. Rev. A 76, 053618 (2007).
  12. I. B. Mekhov, C. Maschler, and H. Ritsch, Probing quantum phases of ultracold atoms in optical lattices by transmission spectra in cavity quantum electrodynamics, Nat. Phys. 3, 319 (2007).
  13. M. Guilleumas and L. P. Pitaevskii, Temperature-induced resonances and Landau damping of collective modes in Bose-Einstein condensed gases in spherical traps, Phys. Rev. A 61, 013602 (1999).
  14. B. Jackson and E. Zaremba, Accidental suppression of landau damping of the transverse breathing mode in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 150402 (2002).
  15. M. Guilleumas and L. P. Pitaevskii, Landau damping of transverse quadrupole oscillations of an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. A 67, 053607 (2003).
  16. B. Jackson and E. Zaremba, Landau damping in trapped Bose condensed gases, New J. Phys. 5, 88 (2003).
  17. S. Tsuchiya and A. Griffin, Landau damping of Bogoliubov excitations in two- and three-dimensional optical lattices at finite temperatures, Phys. Rev. A 72, 053621 (2005).
  18. E. Hodby, O. Marago, G. Hechenblaikner, and C. Foot, Experimental observation of Beliaev coupling in a Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 2196 (2001).
  19. Y. Kagan and L. Maksimov, Damping of trapped Bose-Einstein condensate oscillations at zero temperature, Phys. Rev. A 64, 053610 (2001).
  20. N. Katz, J. Steinhauer, R. Ozeri, and N. Davidson, Beliaev damping of quasiparticles in a Bose-Einstein condensate, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 220401 (2002).
  21. G. Kónya, G. Szirmai, and P. Domokos, Damping of quasiparticles in a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, Phys. Rev. A 90, 013623 (2014).
  22. G. Kónya, D. Nagy, G. Szirmai, and P. Domokos, Nonequilibrium polariton dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, Phys. Rev. A 98, 063608 (2018).
  23. D. Nagy and P. Domokos, Nonequilibrium quantum criticality and non-Markovian environment: Critical exponent of a quantum phase transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 043601 (2015).
  24. U. Weiss, Quantum Dissipative Systems, 4th ed. (World Scientific, Singapore, 2012).
  25. X. You, A. A. Clerk, and J. Koch, Positive- and negative-frequency noise from an ensemble of two-level fluctuators, Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 013045 (2021).
  26. N.-H. Tong and M. Vojta, Signatures of a noise-induced quantum phase transition in a mesoscopic metal ring, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 016802 (2006).
  27. Q. Si, S. Rabello, K. Ingersent, and J. L. Smith, Locally critical quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated metals, Nature (London) 413, 804 (2001).
  28. P. Gegenwart, T. Westerkamp, C. Krellner, Y. Tokiwa, S. Paschen, C. Geibel, F. Steglich, E. Abrahams, and Q. Si, Multiple energy scales at a quantum critical point, Science 315, 969 (2007).
  29. S. Gröblacher, A. Trubarov, N. Prigge, G. D. Cole, M. Aspelmeyer, and J. Eisert, Observation of non-Markovian micromechanical Brownian motion, Nat. Commun. 6, 7606 (2015).
  30. D. Rosenberg, P. Nalbach, and D. D. Osheroff, Memory effects in amorphous solids below 20 mK, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 195501 (2003).
  31. F. Otterpohl, P. Nalbach, and M. Thorwart, Hidden phase of the spin-boson model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 120406 (2022).
  32. C. Maschler, I. B. Mekhov, and H. Ritsch, Ultracold atoms in optical lattices generated by quantized light fields, Eur. Phys. J. D 46, 545 (2008).
  33. F. Napoli, M. Sassetti, and U. Weiss, Two-phonon processes in the two-state dynamics, Phys. B: Condens. Matter 202, 80 (1994).
  34. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.L012024 for a summary of the computation of the interaction Hamiltonian bath average and derivation of the spectral densities. Also, system variances for additional parameter sets are displayed.
  35. H. Keßler, J. Klinder, M. Wolke, and A. Hemmerich, Optomechanical atom-cavity interaction in the sub-recoil regime, New J. Phys. 16, 053008 (2014).
  36. J. Klinder, H. Keßler, Ch. Georges, J. Vargas, and A. Hemmerich, Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical cavity with sub-recoil bandwidth, Appl. Phys. B 122, 299 (2016).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 6, L012024– Published 2 February, 2024
  • Received 2 June 2023
  • Revised 28 August 2023
  • Accepted 27 November 2023
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation