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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Anomalous criticality with bounded fluctuations and long-range frustration induced by broken time-reversal symmetry

Jinchen Zhao1 and Myung-Joong Hwang1,2,*

  • 1Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China
  • 2Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Science, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China

  • *myungjoong.hwang@duke.edu
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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L042016 – Published 25 October, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L042016

Abstract

We consider a one-dimensional Dicke lattice with complex photon hopping amplitudes and investigate the influence of time-reversal symmetry breaking due to synthetic magnetic fields. We show that, by tuning the total flux threading the lattice with a periodic boundary condition, the universality class of superradiant phase transition (SPT) changes from that of the mean-field fully connected systems to one that features anomalous critical phenomena. The anomalous SPT exhibits a closing of the energy gap with different critical exponents on both sides of transition and a discontinuity of correlations and fluctuation despite it being a second-order phase transition. In the anomalous normal phase, we find that a non-mean-field critical exponent for the closing energy gap and nondivergent fluctuations and correlations appear, which we attribute to the asymmetric dispersion relation. Moreover, we show that the nearest neighborhood complex hopping induces effective long-range interactions for position quadratures of the cavity fields, whose competition leads to a series of first-order phase transitions among superradiant phases with varying degrees of frustration. The resulting multicritical points also show anomalous features such as two coexisting critical scalings on both sides of the transition. Our work shows that the interplay between the broken time-reversal symmetry and frustration on bosonic lattice systems can give rise to anomalous critical phenomena that have no counterpart in fermionic, spin, or time-reversal symmetric quantum optical systems.

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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L042016– Published 25 October, 2023
  • Received 4 August 2022
  • Revised 25 August 2023
  • Accepted 29 September 2023
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