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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Entropy production of nonreciprocal interactions

Ziluo Zhang (张子洛)1,2 and Rosalba Garcia-Millan3,4,*

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
  • 2Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
  • 3DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
  • 4St John's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TP, United Kingdom

  • *rg646@cam.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L022033 – Published 17 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L022033

Abstract

Nonreciprocal interactions are present in many systems out of equilibrium. The rate of entropy production is a measure that quantifies the time irreversibility of a system, and thus how far it is from equilibrium. In this work, we introduce a nonmotile active particle system where activity originates from asymmetric, pairwise interaction forces that result in an injection of energy at the microscopic scale. We calculate stationary correlation functions and entropy production rate in three exactly solvable cases, and analyze a more general case in a perturbation theory as an expansion in weak interactions. Our results show that equilibrium may be recovered by adjusting the diffusion constants despite nonreciprocity, revealing an equivalence in the absolute amplitude of the force and diffusivity. We support our analytical results with numerical simulations.

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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L022033– Published 17 May, 2023
  • Received 25 November 2022
  • Accepted 13 April 2023
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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