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Indirect evidence for elemental hydrogen in laser-compressed hydrocarbons

D. Kraus1,2, J. Vorberger2, N. J. Hartley3,2, J. Lütgert1,2, M. Rödel2,4, D. Chekrygina2, T. Döppner5, T. van Driel3, R. W. Falcone6 et al.

L. B. Fletcher3, S. Frydrych5,7, E. Galtier3, D. O. Gericke8, S. H. Glenzer3, E. Granados3, Y. Inubushi9,10, N. Kamimura11, K. Katagiri11, M. J. MacDonald12,5, A. J. MacKinnon3,5, T. Matsuoka11, K. Miyanishi10, E. E. McBride3,13, I. Nam3, P. Neumayer14, N. Ozaki11,15, A. Pak5, A. Ravasio16, A. M. Saunders6, A. K. Schuster2,4, M. G. Stevenson1, K. Sueda10, P. Sun3, T. Togashi9,10, K. Voigt2,4, M. Yabashi9,10, and T. Yabuuchi9,10

  • 1Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
  • 2Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
  • 3SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
  • 4Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
  • 5Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
  • 6Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 7Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 8Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
  • 9Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
  • 10RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
  • 11Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0087, Japan
  • 12Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 13European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
  • 14GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 15Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0087, Japan
  • 16LULI, CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France

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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L022023 – Published 3 May, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L022023

Abstract

We demonstrate a significantly simplified experimental approach for investigating liquid metallic hydrogen, which is crucial to understand the internal structure and evolution of giant planets. Plastic samples were shockcompressed and then probed by short pulses of X-rays generated by free electron lasers. By comparison with ab initio simulations, we provide indirect evidence for the creation of elemental hydrogen in shock-compressed plastics at ∼150GPa and ∼5,000K and thus in a regime where hydrogen is predicted to be metallic. Being the most common form of condensed matter in our solar system, and ostensibly the simplest of all elements, hydrogen is the model case for many theoretical studies and we provide a new possibility to benchmark models for conditions with extreme pressures and temperatures. Moreover, this approach will also allow to probe the chemical behavior of metallic hydrogen in mixture with other elements, which, besides its importance for planetary physics, may open up promising pathways for the synthesis of new materials.

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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L022023– Published 3 May, 2023
  • Received 25 April 2022
  • Accepted 10 April 2023
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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