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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Full counting statistics of interacting lattice gases after an expansion: The role of condensate depletion in many-body coherence

Gaétan Hercé*, Jan-Philipp Bureik*, Antoine Ténart, Alain Aspect, Alexandre Dareau, and David Clément

  • Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L012037 – Published 17 March, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.L012037

Abstract

We study the full counting statistics (FCS) of quantum gases in samples of thousands of interacting bosons, detected atom by atom after a long free-fall expansion. In this far-field configuration, the FCS reveals the many-body coherence from which we characterize iconic states of interacting lattice bosons by deducing their normalized correlations g(n)(0) up to the order n=6. In Mott insulators, we find a thermal FCS characterized by perfectly contrasted correlations g(n)(0)=n!. In interacting Bose superfluids, we observe small deviations to the Poisson FCS and to the ideal values g(n)(0)=1 expected for a pure condensate. These deviations become larger as we increase the interaction strength and reveal the role of the quantum depletion of the condensate on many-body coherence. The approach to many-body correlations demonstrated here is readily extendable to characterize a large variety of interacting quantum states and phase transitions.

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Phys. Rev. Research 5, L012037– Published 17 March, 2023
  • Received 29 July 2022
  • Accepted 6 February 2023
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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