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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Universality of quantum liquids and droplets in one dimension

Ivan Morera1,2, Bruno Juliá-Díaz1,2, and Manuel Valiente3,4,*

  • 1Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 2Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, ICCUB, Martí i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
  • 3Departamento de Física & IUdEA, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38203, Spain
  • 4Departamento de Física, CIOyN, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30071, Spain

  • *mvalient@ull.edu.es
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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042024 – Published 9 November, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L042024

Abstract

We consider interacting one-dimensional bosons in the universal low-energy regime. The interactions consist of a combination of attractive and repulsive parts that can stabilize quantum gases, droplets, and liquids. In particular, we study the role of effective three-body repulsion, in systems with weak attractive pairwise interactions. Its low-energy description is often argued to be equivalent to a model including only two-body interactions with nonzero range. Here, we show that, at zero temperature, the equations of state in both theories agree quantitatively at low densities for overall repulsion, in the gas phase. However, this agreement is absent in the attractive regime, where universality only occurs in the long-distance properties of quantum droplets. We develop analytical tools to investigate the properties of the theory and obtain astounding agreement with exact numerical calculations using the density-matrix renormalization group.

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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042024– Published 9 November, 2022
  • Received 21 June 2022
  • Accepted 10 August 2022
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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