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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Generalized matching condition for unity efficiency quantum transduction

Chiao-Hsuan Wang1,2,3,4,*, Mengzhen Zhang4, and Liang Jiang4

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
  • 2Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
  • 3Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
  • 4Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

  • *chiaowang@phys.ntu.edu.tw
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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042023 – Published 7 November, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L042023

Abstract

Coherently converting quantum states between distinct elements via quantum transducers remains a crucial yet challenging task in quantum science. Especially in demand is quantum transduction between optical frequencies, which are ideal for low-loss transmission across long distances, and microwave frequencies, which admit high-fidelity quantum operations. We present a generic formalism for N-stage quantum transduction that covers various leading microwave-to-optical, microwave-to-microwave, and optical-to-optical linear conversion approaches. We then identify effective circuit models and the resulting generalized matching conditions for achieving maximum conversion efficiency. The generalized matching condition requires resistance matching as well as frequency matching beyond the usual resonant assumption, with a simple impedance-matched transmission interpretation. Our formalism provides a generic toolbox for determining experimental parameters to realize efficient quantum transduction and suggests different regimes of nonresonant conversions that might outperform all-resonant ones.

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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042023– Published 7 November, 2022
  • Received 5 April 2022
  • Accepted 16 September 2022
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