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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Synthetic U(1) gauge invariance in a spin-1 Bose gas

Chunping Gao1, Jinghu Liu1, Maolin Chang1, Han Pu2,*, and Li Chen1,†

  • 1Institute of Theoretical Physics and State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA

  • *hpu@rice.edu
  • †lchen@sxu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042018 – Published 1 November, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L042018

Abstract

Recent experimental realizations of the U(1) gauge invariance [Nature (London) 587, 392 (2020); Science 367, 1128 (2020)] open a door for quantum simulation of elementary particles and their interactions using ultracold atoms. Stimulated by such exciting progress, we propose a platform—a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate—to simulate the deconfined lattice Schwinger model. Unlike previous platforms, it is shown that the atomic interactions in the spin-1 condensate naturally lead to a matter-field interaction term which respects the U(1) gauge symmetry. As a result, a new Z3-ordered phase with threefold ground-state degeneracy emerges in the phase diagram. The Z3 phase connects to the disordered phase by a three-state Potts criticality, which is in contrast to the conventional Coleman's transition with Ising criticality. Furthermore, the ordered state is constructed by a set of weak quantum scars, which is responsible for the anomalously slow dynamics as it is quenched to a special point in the phase diagram. Our proposal provides a platform for extracting emergent physics in synthetic gauge systems with matter-field interactions.

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Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042018– Published 1 November, 2022
  • Received 2 April 2022
  • Revised 3 September 2022
  • Accepted 12 October 2022
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