- Letter
- Open Access
Quantum transduction is enhanced by single mode squeezing operators
Phys. Rev. Research 4, L042013 – Published 21 October, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L042013
Abstract
Quantum transduction is an essential ingredient in scaling up distributed quantum architecture and is actively pursued based on various physical platforms. However, demonstrating a transducer with positive quantum capacity is still practically challenging. In this Letter, we discuss a new approach to relax the impedance matching condition to half impedance matching condition, achieved by introducing two-photon drive in the electro-optic transducer. We show the quantum transduction capacity can be enhanced and can be understood in a simple interference picture with the help of the Bloch-Messiah decomposition. The parameter regimes with positive quantum capacity is identified and compared with and without the drive, indicating that the parametric drive-induced enhancement is promising in demonstrating quantum state conversion and is expected to boost the performance of transduction with various physical platforms.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
Supplemental Material
References (57)
- A. Blais, A. L. Grimsmo, S. M. Girvin, and A. Wallraff, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 93, 025005 (2021).
- J. Yin, Y. Cao, Y.-H. Li, S.-K. Liao, L. Zhang, J.-G. Ren, W.-Q. Cai, W.-Y. Liu, B. Li, H. Dai et al., Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers, Science 356, 1140 (2017).
- J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller, H. J. Kimble, and H. Mabuchi, Quantum State Transfer and Entanglement Distribution among Distant Nodes in a Quantum Network, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3221 (1997).
- H. J. Kimble, The quantum internet, Nature (London) 453, 1023 (2008).
- R. W. Andrews, R. W. Peterson, T. P. Purdy, K. Cicak, R. W. Simmonds, C. A. Regal, and K. W. Lehnert, Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light, Nat. Phys. 10, 321 (2014).
- A. Vainsencher, K. J. Satzinger, G. A. Peairs, and A. N. Cleland, Bi-directional conversion between microwave and optical frequencies in a piezoelectric optomechanical device, Appl. Phys. Lett. 109, 033107 (2016).
- M. Mirhosseini, A. Sipahigil, M. Kalaee, and O. Painter, Superconducting qubit to optical photon transduction, Nature (London) 588, 599 (2020).
- E. Zeuthen, A. Schliesser, A. S. Sørensen, and J. M. Taylor, Figures of merit for quantum transducers, Quantum Sci. Technol. 5, 034009 (2020).
- C. Weedbrook, S. Pirandola, R. García-Patrón, N. J. Cerf, T. C. Ralph, J. H. Shapiro, and S. Lloyd, Gaussian quantum information, Rev. Mod. Phys. 84, 621 (2012).
- C. A. Regal and K. W. Lehnert, From cavity electromechanics to cavity optomechanics, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 264, 012025 (2011).
- J. Bochmann, A. Vainsencher, D. D. Awschalom, and A. N. Cleland, Nanomechanical coupling between microwave and optical photons, Nat. Phys. 9, 712 (2013).
- J. M. Taylor, A. S. Sørensen, C. M. Marcus, and E. S. Polzik, Laser Cooling and Optical Detection of Excitations in a Electrical Circuit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 273601 (2011).
- S. Barzanjeh, D. Vitali, P. Tombesi, and G. J. Milburn, Entangling optical and microwave cavity modes by means of a nanomechanical resonator, Phys. Rev. A 84, 042342 (2011).
- Y.-D. Wang and A. A. Clerk, Using Interference for High Fidelity Quantum State Transfer in Optomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 153603 (2012).
- L. Tian and H. Wang, Optical wavelength conversion of quantum states with optomechanics, Phys. Rev. A 82, 053806 (2010); L. Tian, Adiabatic State Conversion and Pulse Transmission in Optomechanical Systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 153604 (2012); Optoelectromechanical transducer: Reversible conversion between microwave and optical photons, Ann. Phys. (N. Y.) 527, 1 (2015).
- L. Midolo, A. Schliesser, and A. Fiore, Nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems, Nat. Nanotechnol. 13, 11 (2018).
- T. Bagci, A. Simonsen, S. Schmid, L. G. Villanueva, E. Zeuthen, J. Appel, J. M. Taylor, A. Sørensen, K. Usami, A. Schliesser, and E. S. Polzik, Optical detection of radio waves through a nanomechanical transducer, Nature (London) 507, 81 (2014).
- M. Winger, T. D. Blasius, T. P. M. Alegre, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, S. Meenehan, J. Cohen, S. Stobbe, and O. Painter, A chip-scale integrated cavity-electro-optomechanics platform, Opt. Express 19, 24905 (2011).
- A. Pitanti, J. M. Fink, A. H. Safavi-Naeini, J. T. Hill, C. U. Lei, A. Tredicucci, and O. Painter, Strong opto-electro-mechanical coupling in a silicon photonic crystal cavity, Opt. Express 23, 3196 (2015).
- M. Tsang, Cavity quantum electro-optics, Phys. Rev. A 81, 063837 (2010); Cavity quantum electro-optics. II. input-output relations between traveling optical and microwave fields, 84, 043845 (2011).
- C. Javerzac-Galy, K. Plekhanov, N. R. Bernier, L. D. Toth, A. K. Feofanov, and T. J. Kippenberg, On-chip microwave-to-optical quantum coherent converter based on a superconducting resonator coupled to an electro-optic microresonator, Phys. Rev. A 94, 053815 (2016).
- L. Fan, C.-L. Zou, R. Cheng, X. Guo, X. Han, Z. Gong, S. Wang, and H. X. Tang, Superconducting cavity electro-optics: a platform for coherent photon conversion between superconducting and photonic circuits, Sci. Adv. 4, eaar4994 (2018).
- W. Fu, M. Xu, X. Liu, C.-L. Zou, C. Zhong, X. Han, M. Shen, Y. Xu, R. Cheng, S. Wang, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Cavity electro-optic circuit for microwave-to-optical conversion in the quantum ground state, Phys. Rev. A 103, 053504 (2021).
- R. Hisatomi, A. Osada, Y. Tabuchi, T. Ishikawa, A. Noguchi, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Bidirectional conversion between microwave and light via ferromagnetic magnons, Phys. Rev. B 93, 174427 (2016).
- N. Zhu, X. Zhang, X. Han, C.-L. Zou, C. Zhong, C.-H. Wang, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Waveguide cavity optomagnonics for microwave-to-optics conversion, Optica 7, 1291 (2020).
- J. Han, T. Vogt, C. Gross, D. Jaksch, M. Kiffner, and W. Li, Coherent Microwave-to-Optical Conversion via Six-Wave Mixing in Rydberg Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 093201 (2018).
- A. H. Safavi-Naeini and O. Painter, Proposal for an optomechanical traveling wave phonon–photon translator, New J. Phys. 13, 013017 (2011).
- C. H. Bennett, D. P. DiVincenzo, and J. A. Smolin, Capacities of Quantum Erasure Channels, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 3217 (1997).
- R. García-Patrón, S. Pirandola, S. Lloyd, and J. H. Shapiro, Reverse Coherent Information, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 210501 (2009).
- S. Barzanjeh, M. Abdi, G. J. Milburn, P. Tombesi, and D. Vitali, Reversible Optical-to-Microwave Quantum Interface, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 130503 (2012).
- C. Zhong, Z. Wang, C. Zou, M. Zhang, X. Han, W. Fu, M. Xu, S. Shankar, M. H. Devoret, H. X. Tang, and L. Jiang, Proposal for Heralded Generation and Detection of Entangled Microwave–Optical-Photon Pairs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 010511 (2020).
- A. Rueda, W. Hease, S. Barzanjeh, and J. M. Fink, Electro-optic entanglement source for microwave to telecom quantum state transfer, npj Quantum Inf. 5, 108 (2019).
- C. Zhong, X. Han, and L. Jiang, Quantum transduction with microwave and optical entanglement, arXiv:2202.04601.
- J. Wu, C. Cui, L. Fan, and Q. Zhuang, Deterministic Microwave-Optical Transduction Based on Quantum Teleportation, Phys. Rev. Appl. 16, 064044 (2021).
- A. P. Higginbotham, P. Burns, M. Urmey, R. Peterson, N. Kampel, B. Brubaker, G. Smith, K. Lehnert, and C. Regal, Harnessing electro-optic correlations in an efficient mechanical converter, Nat. Phys. 14, 1038 (2018).
- M. Zhang, C.-L. Zou, and L. Jiang, Quantum Transduction with Adaptive Control, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 020502 (2018).
- H.-K. Lau and A. A. Clerk, High-fidelity bosonic quantum state transfer using imperfect transducers and interference, npj Quantum Inf. 5, 31 (2019).
- R. Sahu, W. Hease, A. Rueda, G. Arnold, L. Qiu, and J. M. Fink, Quantum-enabled operation of a microwave-optical interface, Nat. Commun. 13, 1276 (2022).
- M. M. Wilde, Quantum Information Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2013).
- H.-K. Lau and A. A. Clerk, Ground-State Cooling and High-Fidelity Quantum Transduction via Parametrically Driven Bad-Cavity Optomechanics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 103602 (2020).
- S. Huang and G. S. Agarwal, Enhancement of cavity cooling of a micromechanical mirror using parametric interactions, Phys. Rev. A 79, 013821 (2009).
- W. Qin, A. Miranowicz, P.-B. Li, X.-Y. Lü, J. Q. You, and F. Nori, Exponentially Enhanced Light-Matter Interaction, Cooperativities, and Steady-State Entanglement Using Parametric Amplification, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 093601 (2018).
- X.-Y. Lü, Y. Wu, J. R. Johansson, H. Jing, J. Zhang, and F. Nori, Squeezed Optomechanics with Phase-Matched Amplification and Dissipation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 093602 (2015).
- C. Leroux, L. C. G. Govia, and A. A. Clerk, Enhancing Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics via Antisqueezing: Synthetic Ultrastrong Coupling, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 093602 (2018).
- V. Peano, H. G. L. Schwefel, C. Marquardt, and F. Marquardt, Intracavity Squeezing Can Enhance Quantum-Limited Optomechanical Position Detection through Deamplification, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 243603 (2015).
- H. Chen, M. Vives, and M. Metcalf, Parametric amplification of an optomechanical quantum interconnect, arXiv:2202.12291.
- L. Tang, J. Tang, M. Chen, F. Nori, M. Xiao, and K. Xia, Quantum Squeezing Induced Optical Nonreciprocity, Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 083604 (2022).
- M.-A. Lemonde, N. Didier, and A. A. Clerk, Enhanced nonlinear interactions in quantum optomechanics via mechanical amplification, Nat. Commun. 7, 11338 (2016).
- See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L042013 for the brief introduction of the bosonic quantum channel and quantum capacity, the EO-induced transduction channel, Euler decomposition, the derivation for Bogoliubov transformation, and the discussion of the squeezing-noise elimination technique.
- The extraction ratio is defined as signal coupling rate to the total loss rate, e.g., , where is the signal coupling rate, and is called the intrinsic loss rate.
- M. Malnou, D. A. Palken, L. R. Vale, G. C. Hilton, and K. W. Lehnert, Optimal Operation of a Josephson Parametric Amplifier for Vacuum Squeezing, Phys. Rev. Appl. 9, 044023 (2018).
- J. Eisert and M. M. Wolf, Gaussian quantum channels, arXiv:quant-ph/0505151.
- M. A. De Gosson, Symplectic Geometry and Quantum Mechanics (Springer, Berlin, 2006), Vol. 166.
- M. O. Scully, M. S. Zubairy et al., Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1997).
- G. S. Agarwal, Quantum Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2012).
- M. Aspelmeyer, T. J. Kippenberg, and F. Marquardt, Cavity optomechanics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 86, 1391 (2014).
- C. Zhong, X. Han, H. X. Tang, and L. Jiang, Entanglement of microwave-optical modes in a strongly coupled electro-optomechanical system, Phys. Rev. A 101, 032345 (2020).