Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Modifying natural droplet systems by charge injection

R. Giles Harrison, Graeme J. Marlton*, Maarten H. P. Ambaum, and Keri A. Nicoll

  • Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, United Kingdom

  • *Present address: MetOffice, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, UK.

Phys. Rev. Research 4, L022050 – Published 31 May, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022050

Abstract

Modifying droplet behavior has wide applications, from removing pathogens to increasing rainfall. In an environmental experiment, negative charge release is demonstrated to influence a natural fog. During charge emission, the average mass concentration of 1 μm droplets increased by 95.3%. For smaller droplets, concentrations during charge emission exceeded those without charge emission at the 99% confidence level. This is consistent with charge both facilitating formation of small droplets and inhibiting their evaporation. Physics-based droplet modification has immediate relevance to weather modification and, conceivably, pathogen control, without the introduction of additional chemical materials.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (32)

  1. B. J. Mason, The Physics of Clouds (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1971).
  2. W. Thomson, On the mutual attraction or repulsion between two electrified spherical conductors, in Reprint of Papers on Electrostatics and Magnetism (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011), pp. 86–97 (paper was first published in 1884).
  3. S. Banerjee, T. Peters, N. Brown, and Y. Song, Exact closed-form and asymptotic expressions for the electrostatic force between two conducting spheres, Proc. R. Soc. A 477, 2246 (2021) .
  4. J. Lekner, Electrostatics of two charged conducting spheres, Proc. R. Soc. A 468, 2829 (2012) .
  5. J. W. Strutt, The influence of electricity on colliding water drops, Proc. R. Soc. London 28, 405 (1879) .
  6. A. Khain, V. Arkhipov, M. Pinsky, Y. Feldman, and Y. Ryabov, Rain enhancement and fog elimination by seeding with charged droplets. Part I: Theory and numerical simulations, J. Appl. Meteorol. 43, 1513 (2004).
  7. N. N. Klimin, V. Y. Rivkind, and V. A. Pachin, Collision efficiency calculation model as a software tool for microphysics of electrified clouds, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 53, 111 (1994).
  8. S. E. Law, Agricultural electrostatic spray application: A review of significant research and development during the 20th century, J. Electrost. 51–52, 25 (2001).
  9. J. L. Cadnum, A. L. Jencson, S. H. Livingston, D. F. Li, S. N. Redmond, B. Pearlmutter, B. M. Wilson, and C. J. Donskey, Evaluation of an electrostatic spray disinfectant technology for rapid decontamination of portable equipment and large open areas in the era of SARS-CoV-2, Am. J. Infect. Control 48, P951 (2020).
  10. J. W. Tang, L. C. Marr, Y. Li, and S. J. Dancer, Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission, BMJ 373, n913 (2021).
  11. R. G. Harrison, K. A. Nicoll, and M. H. P. Ambaum, On the microphysical effects of observed cloud edge charging, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 141, 2690 (2015).
  12. R. G. Harrison, K. A. Nicoll, M. H. P. Ambaum, G. J. Marlton, K. L. Aplin, and M. Lockwood, Precipitation Modification by Ionization, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 198701 (2020).
  13. K. A. Nicoll and R. G. Harrison, Stratiform cloud electrification: Comparison of theory with multiple in-cloud measurements, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 142, 2679 (2016).
  14. R. J. Pilié, E. J. Mack, W. C. Kocmond, W. J. Eadie, and C. W. Rogers, The life cycle of valley fog. Part II: Fog microphysics, J. Appl. Meteorol. and Climatol. 14, 364 (1975).
  15. H. R. Pruppacher, J. D. Klett, and P. K. Wang, Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 28, 381 (1998).
  16. H. Zhang, D. Li, L. Xie, and Y. Xiao, Documentary research of human respiratory droplet characteristics, Procedia Eng. 121, 1365 (2015) .
  17. M. H. P. Ambaum, Thermal Physics of the Atmosphere (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2021).
  18. R. G. Harrison and M. H. P. Ambaum, Enhancement of cloud formation by droplet charging, Proc. R. Soc. A 464, 2561 (2008) .
  19. D. Duft, T. Achtzehn, R. Müller, B. A. Huber, and T. Leisner, Coulomb fission: Rayleigh jets from levitated microdroplets, Nature (London) 421, 128 (2003).
  20. W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical recipes in pascal—the art of scientific computing, Math. Comput. 56, 396 (1991).
  21. J. Lu, H. Nordsiek, E. W. Saw, and R. A. Shaw, Clustering of Charged Inertial Particles in Turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 184505 (2010).
  22. Y. Yao and J. Capecelatro, Competition between drag and Coulomb interactions in turbulent particle-laden flows using a coupled-fluid-Ewald-summation based approach, Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 034301 (2018).
  23. M. H. P. Ambaum, T. Auerswald, R. Eaves, and R. G. Harrison, Enhanced attraction between drops carrying fluctuating charge distributions, Proc. R. Soc. A 478, 20210714 (2022) .
  24. R. Gunn, Diffusion charging of atmospheric droplets by ions, and the resulting combination coefficients, J. Meteorol. 11, 339 (1954).
  25. R. G. Harrison and K. S. Carslaw, Ion-aerosol-cloud processes in the lower atmosphere, Rev. Geophys. 41, 1012 (2003).
  26. J. B. Renard, F. Dulac, G. Berthet, T. Lurton, D. Vignelles, F. Jégou, T. Tonnelier, M. Jeannot, B. Couté, R. Akiki, N. Verdier, M. Mallet, F. Gensdarmes, P. Charpentier, S. Mesmin, V. Duverger, J. C. Dupont, T. Elias, V. Crenn, J. Sciare et al., LOAC: A small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles—Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation, Atmos. Meas. Tech. 9, 1721 (2016) .
  27. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022050 for additional plots and experimental details.
  28. J. B. Renard, S. N. Tripathi, M. Michael, A. Rawal, G. Berthet, M. Fullekrug, R. G. Harrison, C. Robert, M. Tagger, and B. Gaubicher, In situ detection of electrified aerosols in the upper troposphere and stratosphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 11187 (2013).
  29. M. W. Airey, R. G. Harrison, K. L. Aplin, and C. Pfrang, Effects of ionisation on cloud behaviour in planetary atmospheres, in Geophysical Research Abstracts (2021), https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13639.
  30. J. P. Borra, Review on water electro-sprays and applications of charged drops with focus on the corona-assisted cone-jet mode for high efficiency air filtration by wet electro-scrubbing of aerosols, J. Aerosol Sci. 125, 208 (2018).
  31. J. A. Chalmers, Atmospheric Electricity (Pergamon, Oxford, 1967).
  32. https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.334.

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation