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Single-spin qubit magnetic spectroscopy of two-dimensional superconductivity

Shubhayu Chatterjee1,*, Pavel E. Dolgirev2,*, Ilya Esterlis2, Alexander A. Zibrov2, Mikhail D. Lukin2, Norman Y. Yao1,3, and Eugene Demler2,4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 2Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
  • 3Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
  • 4Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L012001 – Published 10 January, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L012001

Abstract

A single-spin qubit placed near the surface of a conductor acquires an additional contribution to its 1/T1 relaxation rate due to magnetic noise created by electric current fluctuations in the material. We analyze this technique as a wireless probe of superconductivity in atomically thin two-dimensional materials. At temperatures T≲Tc, the dominant contribution to the qubit relaxation rate is due to transverse electric current fluctuations arising from quasiparticle excitations. We demonstrate that this method enables detection of metal-to-superconductor transitions, as well as investigation of the symmetry of the superconducting gap function, through the noise scaling with temperature. We show that scaling of the noise with sample-probe distance provides a window into the nonlocal quasistatic conductivity of superconductors, both clean and disordered. At low temperatures the quasiparticle fluctuations get suppressed, yet the noise can be substantial due to resonant contributions from collective longitudinal modes, such as plasmons in monolayers and Josephson plasmons in bilayers. Potential experimental implications are discussed.

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Characterizing two-dimensional superconductivity via nanoscale noise magnetometry with single-spin qubits

Pavel E. Dolgirev, Shubhayu Chatterjee, Ilya Esterlis, Alexander A. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin, Norman Y. Yao, and Eugene Demler
Phys. Rev. B 105, 024507 (2022)

Article Text

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. Research 4, L012001– Published 10 January, 2022
  • Received 28 June 2021
  • Revised 3 December 2021
  • Accepted 17 December 2021
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