- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine

Physical Review Research

Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Letter
  • Open Access

Geometry-induced rectification for an active object

Jae Sung Lee1,*, Jong-Min Park1, Jae Dong Noh2, and Hyunggyu Park1,†

  • 1School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
  • 2Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea

  • *jslee@kias.re.kr
  • †hgpark@kias.re.kr
PDF

Phys. Rev. Research 3, L042011 – Published 29 October, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L042011

Abstract

Studies of the rectified current induced by active particles have received great attention due to its possible application to a microscopic motor in biological environments. Insertion of an asymmetric passive object amid many active particles has been regarded as an essential ingredient for generating such a rectified motion. Here, we report that the reverse situation is also possible, where the motion of an active object can be rectified by its geometric asymmetry amid many passive particles. This may describe a unidirectional motion of apolar biological agents with asymmetric shape. We also find a weak but less dispersive rectified motion in a passive mode without energy pump-in. This “moving by dissipation” mechanism could be used as a design principle for developing more reliable microscopic motors.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (50)

  1. P. Romanczuk, M. Bär, W. Ebeling, B. Lindner, and L. Schimansky-Geier, Active Brownian particles. From individual to collective stochastic dynamics, Eur. Phys. J.: Spec. Top. 202, 1 (2012).
  2. X.-L. Wu and A. Libchaber, Particle Diffusion in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Bacterial Bath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3017 (2000).
  3. K. C. Leptos, J. S. Guasto, J. P. Gollub, A. I. Pesci, and R. E. Goldstein, Dynamics of Enhanced Tracer Diffusion in Suspensions of Swimming Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 198103 (2009).
  4. J. Palacci, C. Cottin-Bizonne, C. Ybert, and L. Bocquet, Sedimentation and Effective Temperature of Active Colloidal Suspensions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 088304 (2010).
  5. H. Kurtuldu, J. S. Guasto, K. A. Johnson, and J. P. Gollub, Enhancement of biomixing by swimming algal cells in two-dimensional films, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 10391 (2011).
  6. C. Maggi, M. Paoluzzi, N. Pellicciotta, A. Lepore, L. Angelani, and R. Di Leonardo, Generalized Energy Equipartition in Harmonic Oscillators Driven by Active Baths, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 238303 (2014).
  7. Y. Fily and M. C. Marchetti, Athermal Phase Separation of Self-Propelled Particles with No Alignment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 235702 (2012).
  8. S. Krishnamurthy, S. Ghosh, D. Chatterji, R. Ganapathy, and A. K. Sood, A micrometre-sized heat engine operating between bacterial reservoirs, Nat. Phys. 12, 1134 (2016).
  9. R. Zakine, A. Solon, T. Gingrich, and F. van Wijland, Stochastic Stirling engine operating in contact with active baths, Entropy 19, 193 (2017).
  10. J. S. Lee, J.-M. Park, and H. Park, Brownian heat engine with active reservoirs, Phys. Rev. E 102, 032116 (2020).
  11. C. Kwon, J. Yeo, H. K. Lee, and H. Park, Unconventional entropy production in the presence of momentum-dependent forces, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 68, 633 (2016).
  12. H. K. Lee, S. Lahiri, and H. Park, Nonequilibrium steady states in Langevin thermal systems, Phys. Rev. E 96, 022134 (2017).
  13. É. Fodor, C. Nardini, M. E. Cates, J. Tailleur, P. Visco, and F. van Wijland, How Far from Equilibrium Is Active Matter? Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 038103 (2016).
  14. L. Dabelow, S. Bo, and R. Eichhorn, Irreversibility in Active Matter Systems: Fluctuation Theorem and Mutual Information, Phys. Rev. X 9, 021009 (2019).
  15. M. Badoual, F. Jülicher, and J. Prost, Bidirectional cooperative motion of molecular motors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6696 (2002).
  16. D. Chaudhuri, Active Brownian particles: Entropy production and fluctuation response, Phys. Rev. E 90, 022131 (2014).
  17. C. Ganguly and D. Chaudhuri, Stochastic thermodynamics of active Brownian particles, Phys. Rev. E 88, 032102 (2013).
  18. F. Schweitzer, W. Ebeling, and B. Tilch, Complex Motion of Brownian Particles with Energy Depots, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5044 (1998).
  19. W. Ebeling, F. Schweitzer, and B. Tilch, Active Brownian particles with energy depots modeling animal mobility, BioSystems 49, 17 (1999).
  20. C. A. Condat, and G. J. Sibona, Diffusion in a model for active Brownian motion, Phys. D (Amsterdam) 168, 235 (2002).
  21. V. Garcia, M. Birbaumer, and F. Schweitzer, Testing an agent-based model of bacterial cell motility: How nutrient concentration affects speed distribution, Eur. Phys. J. B 82, 235 (2011).
  22. M. Schienbein and H. Gruler, Langevin equation, Fokker-Planck equation and cell migration, Bull. Math. Biol. 55, 585 (1993).
  23. U. Erdmann, W. Ebeling, L. Schimansky-Geier, and F. Schweitzer, Brownian particles far from equilibrium, Eur. Phys. J. B 15, 105 (2000).
  24. C. Van den Broeck, R. Kawai, and P. Meurs, Microscopic Analysis of a Thermal Brownian Motor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 090601 (2004).
  25. P. Meurs, C. Van den Broeck, and A. Garcia, Rectification of thermal fluctuations in ideal gases, Phys. Rev. E 70, 051109 (2004).
  26. A. Sokolov, M. M. Apodaca, B. A. Grzybowski, and I. S. Aranson, Swimming bacteria power microscopic gears, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 969 (2010).
  27. R. Di Leonardo, L. Angelani, D. Dell'Arciprete, G. Ruocco, V. Iebba, S. Schippa, M. P. Conte, F. Mecarini, F. De Angelis, and E. Di Fabrizio, Bacterial ratchet motors, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 9541 (2010).
  28. L. Angelani, R. Di Leonardo, and G. Ruocco, Self-Starting Micromotors in a Bacterial Bath, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 048104 (2009).
  29. Y. Baek, A. P. Solon, X. Xu, N. Nikola, and Y. Kafri, Generic Long-Range Interactions Between Passive Bodies in an Active Fluid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 058002 (2018).
  30. L. Angelani and R. Di Leonardo, Geometrically biased random walks in bacteria-driven micro-shuttles, New J. Phys. 12, 113017 (2010).
  31. A. Kaiser, A. Peshkov, A. Sokolov, B. ten Hagen, H. Löwen, and I. S. Aranson, Transport Powered by Bacterial Turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 158101 (2014).
  32. N. Nikola, A. P. Solon, Y. Kafri, M. Kardar, J. Tailleur, and R. Voituriez, Active Particles with Soft and Curved Walls: Equation of State, Ratchets, and Instabilities, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 098001 (2016).
  33. C. J. O. Reichhardt and C. Reichhardt, Ratchet effects in active matter systems, Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 8, 51 (2017).
  34. G. Vizsnyiczai, G. Frangipane, C. Maggi, F. Saglimbeni, S. Bianchi, and R. Di Leonardo, Light controlled 3D micromotors powered by bacteria, Nat. Commun. 8, 15974 (2017).
  35. A. Kaiser, A. Sokolov, I. S. Aranson, and H. Löwen, Motion of two micro-wedges in a turbulent bacterial bath, Eur. Phys. J.: Spec. Top. 224, 1275 (2015).
  36. A. Aubret, M. Youssef, S. Sacanna, and J. Palacci, Targeted assembly and synchronization of self-spinning microgears, Nat. Phys. 14, 1114 (2018).
  37. F. Kümmel, B. ten Hagen, R. Wittkowski, I. Buttinoni, R. Eichhorn, G. Volpe, H. Löwen, and C. Bechinger, Circular Motion of Asymmetric Self-Propelling Particles, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 198302 (2013).
  38. C. Van den Broeck and R. Kawai, Brownian Refrigerator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 210601 (2006).
  39. M. van den Broek and C. Van den Broeck, Chiral Brownian Heat Pump, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 130601 (2008).
  40. J. S. Lee and H. Park, Additivity of multiple heat reservoirs in the Langevin equation, Phys. Rev. E 97, 062135 (2018).
  41. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L042011 for details of numerical simulations and analytic derivations.
  42. H. Risken, The Fokker-Planck Equation (Springer, Berlin, 1989).
  43. N. G. van Kampen, Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry (Elsevier, New York, 2007).
  44. M. Pinard, P. F. Cohadon, T. Briant, and A. Heidmann, Full mechanical characterization of a cold damped mirror, Phys. Rev. A 63, 013808 (2000).
  45. K. H. Kim and H. Qian, Entropy Production of Brownian Macromolecules with Inertia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120602 (2004).
  46. G. Jourdan, G. Torricelli, J. Chevrier, and F. Comin, Tuning the effective coupling of an AFM lever to a thermal bath, Nanotechnology 18, 475502 (2007).
  47. A. Gnoli, A. Petri, F. Dalton, G. Pontuale, G. Gradenigo, A. Sarracino, and A. Puglisi, Brownian Ratchet in a Thermal Bath Driven by Coulomb Friction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 120601 (2013).
  48. J. Talbot, R. D. Wildman, and P. Viot, Kinetics of a Frictional Granular Motor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 138001 (2011).
  49. R. García-García, P. Collet, and L. Truskinovsky, Guided active particles, Phys. Rev. E 100, 042608 (2019).
  50. S. J. Ebbens and J. R. Howse, In pursuit of propulsion at the nanoscale, Soft Matter 6, 726 (2010).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Research 3, L042011– Published 29 October, 2021
  • Received 12 April 2021
  • Accepted 18 October 2021
Crossmark - Check for updates button
Creative Commons Logo

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

Published by the American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation