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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Formation of compact objects at finite temperatures in a dark-matter-candidate self-gravitating bosonic system

Akhilesh Kumar Verma1,*, Rahul Pandit1,†, and Marc E. Brachet2,‡

  • 1Centre for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
  • 2Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France

  • *akhilesh@iisc.ac.in
  • †Also at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore, India; rahul@iisc.ac.in
  • ‡brachet@physique.ens.fr
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Phys. Rev. Research 3, L022016 – Published 27 May, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.L022016

Abstract

We study self-gravitating bosonic systems, candidates for dark-matter halos, by carrying out a suite of direct numerical simulations designed to investigate the formation of finite-temperature, compact objects in the three-dimensional (3D) Fourier-truncated Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equation (GPPE). This truncation allows us to explore the collapse and fluctuations of compact objects, which form at both zero temperature and finite temperature. We show that the statistically steady state of the GPPE, in the large-time limit and for the system sizes we study, can also be obtained efficiently by tuning the temperature in an auxiliary stochastic Ginzburg-Landau-Poisson equation. We show that, over a wide range of model parameters, this system undergoes a thermally driven first-order transition from a collapsed, compact, Bose-Einstein condensate to a tenuous Bose gas (that is not gravitationally condensed). By a suitable choice of initial conditions in the GPPE, we also obtain a binary condensate that comprises a pair of collapsed objects rotating around their center of mass.

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Phys. Rev. Research 3, L022016– Published 27 May, 2021
  • Received 19 December 2019
  • Accepted 7 April 2021
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