Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Interference in quantum correlations

Arta Schellhorn1,*, Johannes Seiler1, and Wolfgang P. Schleich1,2

  • 1Institut für Quantenphysik & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
  • 2Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering (IQSE), and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA

  • *Contact author: arta.schellhorn@uni-ulm.de

Phys. Rev. Research 8, 013073 – Published 23 January, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5l43-22dp

Abstract

We show that the expectation values of operators of multiparticle systems consist of two contributions: (1) one that solely involves probabilities and (2) one arising from interference. We demonstrate that a nonvanishing interference contribution is necessary to either surpass classical bounds, such as the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt border, or create contradictions to classical predictions, as in the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger scenario.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

References (19)

  1. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton, and M. Sands, Feynman Lectures on Physics : The New Millennium Edition Quantum Mechanics (Basic Books, New York, 2011), Vol. III.
  2. E. Schrödinger, Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik, Naturwissenschaften 23, 807 (1935).
  3. R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, and K. Horodecki, Quantum entanglement, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009).
  4. J. S. Bell, On the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, Phys. Phys. Fiz. 1, 195 (1964).
  5. J. F. Clauser, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and R. A. Holt, Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969).
  6. L. Hardy, Quantum mechanics, local realistic theories, and Lorentz-invariant realistic theories, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2981 (1992).
  7. L. Hardy, Nonlocality for two particles without inequalities for almost all entangled states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1665 (1993).
  8. D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, and A. Zeilinger, Going beyond Bell’s theorem, in Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe, edited by M. Kafatos (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 1989), pp. 69–72.
  9. D. M. Greenberger, M. A. Horne, A. Shimony, and A. Zeilinger, Bell’s theorem without inequalities, Am. J. Phys. 58, 1131 (1990).
  10. J. Seiler, T. Strohm, and W. P. Schleich, Destructive interference as the origin of the Hardy scenario, New J. Phys. 26, 083013 (2024).
  11. B. S. Tsirel’son, Quantum analogues of the Bell inequalities. The case of two spatially separated domains, J. Math. Sci. 36, 557 (1987).
  12. B. S. Cirelson, Quantum generalizations of Bell’s inequality, Lett. Math. Phys. 4, 93 (1980).
  13. J. Seiler, T. Strohm, and W. P. Schleich, Geometric interpretation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality of nonmaximally entangled states, Phys. Rev. A 104, 032218 (2021).
  14. R. F. Werner, Quantum states with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations admitting a hidden-variable model, Phys. Rev. A 40, 4277 (1989).
  15. A. Peres, Separability criterion for density matrices, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1413 (1996).
  16. M. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, and R. Horodecki, Separability of mixed states: Necessary and sufficient conditions, Phys. Lett. A 223, 1 (1996).
  17. L. Catani, M. S. Leifer, D. Schmid, and R. W. Spekkens, Why interference phenomena do not capture the essence of quantum theory, Quantum 7, 1119 (2023).
  18. M. Plávala, O. Gühne, and M. T. Quintino, All incompatible measurements on qubits lead to multiparticle Bell nonlocality, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 200201 (2025).
  19. T. Heinosaari, T. Miyadera, and M. Ziman, An invitation to quantum incompatibility, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 49, 123001 (2016).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation