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Full-cycle, noninvasive emittance monitoring with the beam gas curtain monitor at the LHC

O. Sedlacek1,2,3,*, H. D. Zhang1,2,†, M. Ady3, D. Butti3, A. R. Churchman3, P. Forck4, T. Lefevre3, S. Mazzoni3, A. Rossi3 et al. (BGC Collaboration)

A. Rossi3, A. Salehilashkajani1,2, M. Sameed3, G. Schneider3, C. C. Sequeiro3, K. Sidorowski3, O. Stringer1,2, S. Udrea4, R. Veness3, A. Webber-Date1,2, and C. P. Welsch1,2 (BGC Collaboration)

  • *Contact author: ondrej.sedlacek@liverpool.ac.uk
  • †Contact author: haozhang@liverpool.ac.uk
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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043144 – Published 10 November, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5ggy-f8lm

Abstract

The large energy range and high intensity of current hadron accelerators, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its planned high-luminosity upgrade, pose great challenges to beam measurements. The Beam Gas Curtain presents an accurate, minimally invasive profile monitor with a large energy range for high-intensity beams, by exploiting fluorescence from a supersonic gas jet interacting with the accelerator particle beam. In this paper, we report for the first time the proton and lead ion beam transverse profile and emittance continuously measured throughout the whole LHC energy range.

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 043144– Published 10 November, 2025
  • Received 31 January 2025
  • Accepted 5 September 2025
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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