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  • Open Access

Quantum batteries in coherent Ising machine

Jin-Tian Zhang1, Shuang-Quan Ma1, Jing-Yi-Ran Jin1, Tao Liu2, and Qing Ai1,*

  • 1Department of Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
  • 2Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

  • *Contact author: aiqing@bnu.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023187 – Published 19 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4bj4-4fpy

Abstract

With intensive studies of quantum thermodynamics, quantum batteries (QBs) have been proposed to store and transfer energy via quantum effects. Despite many theoretical models, decoherence remains a severe challenge and practical platforms are still rare. Here, we propose a QB based on the coherent Ising machine, in which the signal field acts as the core energy-storage unit. To clarify the role of quantum coherence in resisting dissipation, we decompose the ergotropy, i.e., the maximum extractable work from the QB, into its coherent and incoherent components. We find that the coherent part decays at a rate roughly half that of the incoherent part, exhibiting much stronger robustness against decoherence. More importantly, the coherent ergotropy and the average charging power reach their respective maxima at essentially the same moment, which defines the optimal instant to switch off the pump field. Finally, by coupling the QB to a two-level system as the load, we demonstrate an efficient energy discharge process of the proposed QB. Our work establishes a realistic and immediately implementable QB architecture on a mature optical platform, laying a foundation for experimental exploration of quantum energy storage.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, 023187– Published 19 May, 2026
  • Received 17 December 2025
  • Accepted 3 May 2026
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