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Phase diagram and universal scaling regimes of two-dimensional exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensates

Félix Helluin1, Daniela Pinto-Dias2, Quentin Fontaine2, Sylvain Ravets2, Jacqueline Bloch2, Anna Minguzzi1, and Léonie Canet1

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033103 – Published 31 July, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3gmk-xccn

Abstract

Many systems, classical or quantum, closed or open, exhibit universal statistical properties. Exciton–polariton condensates, being intrinsically driven-dissipative, offer a promising platform for observing nonequilibrium universal features. By conducting extensive numerical simulations of an incoherently pumped and interacting condensate coupled to an exciton reservoir we show that the effective nonlinearity of the condensate phase dynamics can be finely adjusted across a broad range, by varying the exciton–polariton interaction strength, allowing one to probe three main universal regimes with parameters accessible in current experiments: the weakly nonlinear Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) regime, where the phase fluctuations dominate, but the phase profile does not become rough, the strongly nonlinear Kardar-Parisi-Zhang regime, where the condensate phase fluctuations grow in a superdiffusive manner leading to roughening of the phase, and a vortex-dominated phase emerging at stronger interactions, where both density and phase dynamics play significant roles. Our results provide a unified picture of the phase diagram of two-dimensional exciton–polariton condensates under incoherent pumping, and shed light on recent experimental and numerical observations.

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Phys. Rev. Research 7, 033103– Published 31 July, 2025
  • Received 6 December 2024
  • Accepted 1 June 2025
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